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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
telomerases role in cancer
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the enzyme that provides immortality to the tumor cell
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restores the telomere in tumor cells, allowing indefinite growth
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telomerase
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complete remission means
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there are no signs or symptoms of the cancer
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partial remission is when
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there is a noticeable decrease of the cancer cells, few signs and symptoms are present
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seeks rapid reduction in tumor cell burden
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induction therapy
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seeks to complete or extend initial remission
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consolidation therapy
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seeks to sustain the remission for as long as possible
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maintenance therapy
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requires metabolic activation in absence of oxygen and is used to treat solid tumors where the oxygen supply is low
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Mitomycin C, an alkylating agent
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watch and wait is used mainly for
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slow growing cancers like prostate cancer and lymphomas
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chemotherapy drugs are toxic to tissues with a high growth fraction such as
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the bone marrow, skin, hair, GI tract, sperm
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Phase I trials test for
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toxicity
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Phase II tests for
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if the drug works
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Phase III tests for
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if the drug works better than what is currently available
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methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil are examples of what class of drugs
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antimetabolites
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give 3 examples of antimetabolites
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methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, Ara-C (Cytarabine)
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structural analog of folate
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methotrexate
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common toxicities of antimetabolites
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bone marrow and GI toxicity
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would the multidrug resistance pump be more likely to act on an antimetabolite or a topoisomerase inhibitor?
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a topoisomerase inhibitor
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tight binding inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase
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methotrexate
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the basis for selectivity of this drug involves the formation of polyglutamate derivates
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methotrexate
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analog of uracil
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5-flurouracil
antimetabolite |
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typically used as the treatment for stage III colon cancer
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leucovorin + fluorouracil
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analog of deoxycytidine
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Cytosine Arabinoside (Ara-C)
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the most potent anti-leukemic drug
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cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C)
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analog of urea
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hydroxyurea
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inhibits ribonucleotide reductase which then inhibits DNA synthesis
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hydroxyurea
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commonly used for head and neck tumors as well as choriocarcinoma
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methotrexate
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used for acute and chronic leukemias as well as myeloproliferative disorders
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hydroxyurea
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6MP is often clinically used for
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maintenance therapy
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6TG is clinically used for
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remission induction in AML
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this entire class of drugs is S-phase specific
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antimetabolites
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anti-CD20 antibody drug
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rituximab
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unique toxicity of doxorubicin and daunomycin
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cardiotoxicity
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anthracycline antibiotics Adriamycin and Daunorubicin are from what class of chemo drugs
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Topoisomerase II inhibitors
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used to treat choriocarcinomas and neuroblastomas and is affected by the multi-drug resistant pump
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Actinomycin
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The source of this drug is the bark of the yew tree and its mechanism of action is that it prevents microtubule disassembly or depolymerization
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Taxol
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these drugs are derived from complex plant derivatives and cause microtubule disassembly
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Vincristine and Vinblastine
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list 3 drugs that interfere with microtubule function
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Vincristine, Vinblastine, and Taxol
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A unique toxicity of Vincristine is
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neurotoxicity
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Nitrogen mustards, sulfur mustards, nitroureas, and cyclophosphamide are all
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alkylating agents
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these drugs are chemically synthesized and may be monofunctional or bifunctional
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alkylating agents
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this class of drugs is primarily limited by its teratogenic and carcinogenic toxicities
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alkylating agents
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alkylates DNA, forms single strand breaks in DNA, and is used to treat islet carcinomas of the pancreas
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Streptozocin
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Streptozotocin is an alkylating agent that has a unique toxicity of
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nephrotoxicity
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these agents in general are associated with infertility and secondary malignancies
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alkylating agents
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this drug breaks DNA by a free radical mechanism and can cause pulmonary fibrosis
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Bleomycin
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these drugs have unique nephro and ototoxicities
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platinumcompounds
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activated in contact with water, binds DNA forming interstrand & intrastrand links
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platinumcompounds
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used for childhood acute leukemias, can cause hypersensitivity reactions
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asparaginase
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Tamoxifen is used for
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estrogen-positive breast tumors
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an antiestrogen used for breast cancer
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Tamoxifen
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an antiandrogen used for prostate cancer
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flutamide
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tamoxifen is associated with what type of cancer
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endometrial cancer
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these drugs are good for post menopausal women, they block local synthesis of estrogen in the breast, and are useful as maintenance therapy
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aromatase inhibitors
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a non-cytolytic agent that induces maturation of primitive promyelocytes
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ATRA - all trans retinoic acid
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arsenic trioxide is used as a second line therapy for
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APL
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a monoclonal antibody specific for the CD20 antigen located on the surface of B-cell lymphomas
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Rituximab
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an antibody specific for the HER2 protein located on metastatic breast carcinomas
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Trastuzumab- Herceptin
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the benefit of monoclonal antibody drugs
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highly specific targets, minimal toxicity
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protein kinase inhibitor used to induce apoptosis in CML
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Imatinib
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This is a topoisomerase I inhibitor that is not affected by the MDR pump, however its not clinically useful because it is too toxic
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Camptothecin
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