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20 Cards in this Set
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Ceramics |
Non-metals with high boiling points that aren’t made from carbon based compounds Clay can be fired to harden to form clay ceramic Glass is generally transparent and can be moulded when hot and brittle when thin - soda lime and borosilicate |
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Composites |
Made of one material embedded in another - fibres or fragments of a material (reinforcement) and surrounded by a matrix acting as a binder |
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Examples of composites |
Fibreglass - glass fibres in polymer matrix - boats, skis Carbon fibre - carbon fibres or nanotubes in a polymer matrix - aerospace, sports cars Concrete - aggregate in cement - building materials Wood - cellulose fibres in an organic polymer matrix |
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Polymer Properties |
LD poly (ethene) -flexible- used for bags and bottles HD poly (ethene) -more rigid- used in water tanks & drain pipes |
Depend on how it’s made and what it’s made from |
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Thermosetting Vs Thermosoftening polymers |
Setting- monomers form cross links between chains, hold in a solid structure, hard and rigid, don’t soften when heated Softening- individual polymer chains entwined with weak forces between chains, melt them and remould them |
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Ceramics |
Glass and clay, porcelain and bricks Insulators of heat and electricity Brittle (aren’t flexible and break easily) and stiff |
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Polymers |
Insulators of heat and electricity Can be flexible and easily moulded Clothing and insulators in electrical items |
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Composites |
Properties depend on matrix/binder and reinforcement Many uses |
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Metals |
Good conductors of heat and electricity Malleable, brittle, ductile, shiny and stiff Many uses including wires and cutlery and car body work |
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Pure metals and alloy |
Pure metals don’t always have the properties needed Alloys are made by adding another element to the metal Disrupts structure of metal making alloys harder than pure metal |
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Corrosion of iron equation |
Iron + oxygen + water —> hydrogenated iron (III) oxide (rust) |
Iron corrodes (rusts) very easily |
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Corrosion of Iron & Aluminium |
Rust is a soft crumbly solid that flakes off, to leave more iron exposed to rusting again The aluminium oxide layer formed when aluminium corrodes doesn’t flake away - forms a protective layer |
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Ways to prevent rusting |
Barrier- painting/coating with plastic, electroplating, oiling/greasing Sacrificial metal- galvanise a metal by spraying t with a coating of a more reactive metal |
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Natural Resources |
Form without human input Some of these can be improved by man or replaced by synthetic products e.g rubber is now polymers |
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Bioleaching |
Bacteria convert copper compounds in the ore to soluble copper compounds, separating the copper from ore in process, producing leachate Leachate solution contains copper ions which can be extracted by electrolysis or displacement |
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Phytomining |
Grow plants in soil that contains copper - the plants with store the copper in the leaves as they can’t use it or get rid of it Plants can be harvested, dried and burned in a furnace Electrolyse the ash |
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LCA |
Getting raw materials, manufacturing and packaging, using the product, product disposal |
Asses the impact a product would have on the environment |
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Potable Water |
Water you can drink Not pure H2O pH between 6.5 and 8.5, levels of dissolved salts aren’t too high and there aren’t any bacteria and microbes swimming around |
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Producing potable water from fresh water sources |
Filtration and Sterilisation (bubbling chlorine gas through or by using ultraviolet light) |
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Ways of sterilising water |
Bubbling chlorine gas through it UV radiation |
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