Chemistry Unit 3 Quiz

Front 1

Natural Radioactivity

Back 1

the spontaneous emission of particles or energy from an atomic nucleus as it disintegrates.

Front 2

Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Ray

Back 2

The three types of radioactivity

Front 3

Radioactive Decay

Back 3

the natural spontaneous disintegration or decompostion of a nucleus

Front 4

Nucleons

Back 4

another term for protons and neutrons

Front 5

True

Back 5

True or False: Radioactive decay allows an unstable to become more stable with less energy

Front 6

Alpha Emission

Back 6

the release of an alpha particle (He) from a disintegrating nucleus

Front 7

False, most WILL continue breaking down

Back 7

True or False: Most radioactive elements won't continue breaking down after an alpha emission

Front 8

Beta Emission

Back 8

the release of a beta particle from a disintegrating nulceus; this process increases the number of protons in a nucleus

Front 9

Gamma Ray Emission

Back 9

the release of a high-energy burst of electromagnetic radiation from an excited nucleus

Front 10

Gamma ray Emission

Back 10

Which emission is the most penetrating and can usually only be stopped by a piece of lead

Front 11

Radioactive Decay Series

Back 11

a process continuing through a series of decay reactions until a STABLE NUCLEUS is formed

Front 12

Half-life

Back 12

the time required for half of the unstable nuclei to decay

Front 13

Radiation Measurement Instruments

Back 13

Photographic film and Geiger counters are examples of what?

Front 14

Mass Defect

Back 14

The difference between the mass of the nucleons and the nucleus is called the ____ _____

Front 15

Binding Energy

Back 15

Energy released when a nucleus is formed; or energy is absorbed when breaking nucleus; can be calculated from the mass defect

Front 16

Nuclear Fission

Back 16

Splitting of a massive nucleus into more stable, less massive nuclei with the release of energy

Front 17

Chain Reaction

Back 17

a reaction where the products are able to produce more reactions in a self-sustaining series

Front 18

Critical Mass

Back 18

the mass and concentration of the nuclei that is sufficient to sustain a chain reaction.

Front 19

Nuclear Fusion

Back 19

less massive nuclei coming together to form a more stable, and more massive nuclei; with the release of energy

Front 20

Problem using Nuclear Fusion

Back 20

The temperature---nuclei repel one another unless the have enough energy--approximately 100 million degrees C

Front 21

Problem Using Nuclear Fusion

Back 21

The Density---heavy hydrogen nuclei needed 1 x 10 to the 14 power cm cubed

Front 22

Problem Using Nuclear Fusion

Back 22

The Density---heavy hydrogen nuclei needed 1 x 10 to the 14 power cm cubed

Front 23

Problem Using Nuclear Fusion

Back 23

Time---must be sustained at minimum of 10 atm at this density. (ATM= atmospheric pressure) 10 atm is 10x the normal atmospheric pressure

Front 24

Electromagnetic Radiation

Back 24

a form of energy that exhibits wave-like behavior as it travels through space.

Front 25

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Back 25

all electromagnetic radiation arranged according to increasing wavelength

Front 26

Speed of Light

Back 26

3.0 X 10 to the 8th power

Front 27

Wavelength

Back 27

the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves

Front 28

A type of meter

Back 28

Unit for Wavelength is??????

Front 29

Frequency

Back 29

the number of waves that passes a given point in a specific amount of time--usually 1 sec.

Front 30

SI Unit for Frequency

Back 30

The Hertz is.......

Front 31

True

Back 31

True of False: Wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional of one another.

Front 32

Photon

Back 32

term used to describe an individual quantum of light

Front 33

Quantum of light

Back 33

A finite quantity of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom

Front 34

Emission Spectrum

Back 34

a spectrum of lines that represent the emissions of photons with certain energies.

Front 35

Spectroscopy

Back 35

a process where a spectroscope, which contains a prism, is used to separate the light given off in a substance into the line spectra

Front 36

Problems with Bohr's Atomic Model

Back 36

* can only be proven with Hydrogen atom
* didn't explain chemical behavior

Front 37

Louis DeBroglie

Back 37

_______ _______ suggested that electrons have wave-like properties

Front 38

Edwin Shrodinger

Back 38

_________ _________ developed mathematical equations that described how electrons move around the nucleus as waves

Front 39

Quantum Theory

Back 39

describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other small particles

Front 40

Orbitals

Back 40

a three dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the proable location of an electron

Front 41

Photoelectric Effect

Back 41

a phenomena where light at a particular frequency shines on certain metals, and electrons(called photoelectrons) are emitted