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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Relative atomic mass |
Sum of (isotope abundance (%) x isotope number) / sum of abundances of all isotopes |
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Transition metal properties |
Multiple ions, form coloured compounds and make good catalysts, dense, strong, shiny, good conductors of h&e |
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Metal properties |
Strong, malleable, good conductors of heat and electricity and have high m&b points |
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Non-metal properties |
Dull looking, brittle, not usually solids at room temp, don’t usually conduct and lower density |
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Group 1 elements (alkaline metals) ~ properties |
Very reactive, soft, lower density |
Trends going down: increasing reactivity, lower m&b points and higher Mrs |
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Group 7 elements (halogens) ~ properties |
Non-metals, coloured vapours, more reactive displace less reactive |
Trends going down: less reactive, higher m&b points and higher Mrs |
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Rhe |
Shsn |
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Group 0 elements (noble gases) ~ properties |
Practically inert, monatomic gases, colourless gas at room temp and non-flammable |
Trends going down: b points increase and increasing Mrs |
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Ionic compounds ~ properties |
Giant ionic lattice, regular structure, strong electrostatic forced of attraction ( + and - ) so high m&b points, conduct when molten or dissolved, dissolve easily in water |
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Giant covenant structures (macromolecules) |
All atoms are bonded to each other. High melting and boiling points (strong covalent bonds), don’t conduct mostly |
Diamond ( each carbon has 4 covenant bonds), Graphite ( each carbon has 3 covenant bonds) and silicon dioxide ( sand: silicon and oxygen) |
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Allotropes of carbon ~ diamond |
Very strong (4 bonds), very high m point and doesn’t conduct |
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Allotropes of carbon ~ graphite |
Layers of hexagons (no covenant bonds between them), soft, slippery, high melting point, conducts electricity and heat |
Good lubricants |
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Allotropes of carbon ~ graphene |
2D layer of hexagons, very strong, light, adds strength to materials without weight, conducts |
One layer of graphene |
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Allotropes of carbon ~ fullerenes |
Shaped like hollow balls - can cage other molecules e.g drugs, huge S.A - could make good industrial catalysts, good lubricants |
Can form nanotubes - conduct electricity and thermal energy, high tensile strength, strengthen without adding weight |
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Nanoparticle uses |
Catalysts (huge S.A : Volume), nanomedicine (absorb easily because of size), electric circuits (conduct electricity), cosmetics and sun creams (unaware of long term effects and environmental damage when washed away) |
Silver nanoparticles have anti microbial properties - added in surgical masks, wound dressings and deodorants |
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PH |
A measure of H+ (hydrogen) ion concentration |
Factor changes by 10^-x (x= difference in pH) |
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Rules of electrolysis in solution: |
At cathode: if metal is more reactive that hydrogen, then hydrogen is produced |
At anode: if hallide is present, it will be produced - if not hallide, oxygen will be formed |
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Electrolysis |
Splitting up with electricity |
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Exothermic ~ explanation and examples |
When energy is given out (reactants have more energy that the products) |
Bond Making/Forming |
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Endothermic ~ explanation and example |
When energy is taken in during a reaction (reactants have less energy than the products) |
Bond Breaking |
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Fuel Cells |
An electrical cell that supplied with a fuel and oxygen (or air) and uses energy from the reaction to produce electrical energy efficiently |
Hydrogen fuel cell overall reaction: 2H2 + O2 —> H2O |
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Simple Molecular Structures (covalent) |
Most substances with covalent bonds. Low m&b points (very weak intermolecular forces), gases/liquid at room temp, bigger = high m&b, don’t conduct |
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