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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are atoms made up of? |
Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. Smaller particles are called ''subatomic particles'' |
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Properties of proton |
Has a relative charge of +1 Has a relative mass of 1 is represented by the symbol p |
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Properties of neutron |
Has a relative charge of 0 Has a relative mass of 1 is represented by symbol n |
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Properties of electron |
Has a relative charge of -1 Has a relative mass of 1/1840 Represented by symbol e |
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Meaning of proton number of an atom |
The number of protons in the atom
(also known as atomic number) *number of electron = number of protons* |
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Meaning of Nucleon number of an atom |
The total number of protons and neutrons in the atom (also known as mass number) Protons + neutrons = Nucleon number |
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Meaning of Isotopes |
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons |
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How number of electrons/protons and number of neutrons affect the element |
Number of protons and electrons: -Chemical reactions involve only the electrons and not the neutrons. -Therefore,chemical properties of an isotope remains the same Number of Neutrons: -Physical properties are affected by mass *mass number* -Isotopes have different masses and therefore different physical properties |
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Uses of Isotopes |
They give our radiation called radioisotopes E.g. Medical: technetium-99 = detection of tumours iodine-131 = treatment of thyroid disorder Safety and security: californium-252 = detection of explosives americium-241 = used in smoke detector Archaeology: Carbon-14 = estimating the age of things that contain carbon Geology: uranium-238 = estimating the age of rocks |
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How are electrons arranged in an atom? |
The electrons in an move around the nucleus in region called electron shells Each electron shells: -corresponds to a specific energy level: -can only hold up to a certain number of electrons 2,8,8,8 How it looks like, go to TB pg 72,73 of sec 3/4 chemistry textbook |
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What are valence shells and valence electrons? |
Valence shell / outer shell : Shell that is the furthest away from the nucleus of the atoms Valence electrons / Outer electrons: electrons in the valence shell |
