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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alkane to halogenoalkane |
Cl2(g) , Sunlight
Via radical substitution |
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Alkene to bromoalkane |
Concentrated HBr (aq), Room temperature Via electrophilic addition |
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Alkene to dibromoalkane |
Br2, Room temperature, organic solvent Via electrophilic addition |
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Alkene to alcohol |
H2O (g), Phosphoric acid catalyst, 300 degrees, 50 atm Concentrated H2SO4 followed by H2O Via electrophilic addition |
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Alkene to alkane |
H2 (g), Finely divided Ni, 150 degrees, 5 atm Pt catalyst, room temperature,1 atm Via electrophilic addition |
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Halogenoalkane to amine |
Concentrated NH3 (aq), Heat in sealed tube via nucleophilic substitution |
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Halogenoalkane to alcohol |
H2O (l), Slow NaOH (aq), reflux Via nucleophilic substitution |
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Alcohol to ester |
R'-COCl or (R'CO)2O, anhydrous conditions R'-COOH, concentrated H2SO4 catalyst, reflux Esterification |
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Alcohol to alkene |
Al2O3 (s), 300 degrees Concentrated H2SO4, reflux Dehydration |
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Alcohol to bromoalkane |
HBr (aq) ( NaBr (s) + c. H2SO4), reflux via nucleophilic substitution |
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Alcohol to chloroalkane |
Concentrated HCl |
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P. Alcohol to aldehyde |
Acidified K2Cr2O7, distil |
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Aldehyde to p.alcohol |
NaBH4 |
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Aldehyde to carboxylic acid |
Acidified K2Cr2O7, reflux |
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Aldehyde to cyanohydrin |
HCN, alkali |
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S. Alcohol to ketone |
Acidified K2Cr2O7, reflux |
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Ketone to cyanohydrin |
HCN, alkali |
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Carboxylic acid to carboxylate ion |
NaOH (aq) |
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Carboxylate ion to carboxylic acid |
HCl (aq) |
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Carboxylic acid to ester |
R'-OH, concentrated H2SO4 catalyst |
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Ester to carboxylic acid |
Reflux with aqueous acid or alkali |
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Acyl chloride to ester |
R'-OH, room temperature |
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Acyl chloride to primary amide |
Concentrated NH3 (aq), room temperature |
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Acyl chloride to secondary amide |
R'-NH2, room temperature |
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Primary amide to carboxylic acid |
reflux with aqueous acid or alkali |
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Secondary amide to carboxylic acid |
reflux with aqueous acid or alkali |
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Acid anydride to ester |
R'-OH, anhydrous conditions, reflux |
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Benzene to chlorobenzene |
Cl2(g), AlCl3, room temperature, anhydrous |
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Benzene to nitrobenzene |
concentrated HNO3, concentrated H2SO4, < 55 degrees |
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Benzene to alkylbenzene |
R-Cl, AlCl3, reflux, anhydrous |
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Benzene to acetylbenzene |
R-COCl or (RCO)2O, AlCl3, reflux, anhydrous |
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Benzene to cyclohexane |
H2(g), finely divided Ni, 300 degrees, 30 atm |
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Benzene to bromobenzene |
Br2(l), FeBr3, room temperature |
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Benzene to benzenesulfonic acid |
Concentrated H2SO4, reflux |
