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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the composition of air?
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78%nitrogen, 20%oxygen, 1%carbon dioxide, 1%water vapour and noble gases.
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Is air a mixture, compound, or element?
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mixture
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Which is the only reactive gas in air?
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Oxygen
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What is the percentage of oxygen in the air?
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20%
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Describe a physical test & result for the purity of water.
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Test its boiling point, it will be 100 degrees centigrade
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Describe two chemical tests & their results to test for the presence of water.
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1. add anhydrous copper sulphate - colour change from white to blue.
2. add anhydrous cobalt chloride - colour change from blue to pink. |
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Describe the test & result for Carbon dioxide.
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Bubble the gas through limewater - turns from clear to cloudy.
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Descibe the test & result for hydrogen.
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Test with a lighted splint, burns with a squeaky POP!
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Describe the test & result for oxygen.
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test with a glowing splint, it will relight.
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Name the gas given off when potassium permanganate (vii) is decomposed.
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oxygen
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Name the gas that is given off when limestone is heated.
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Carbon dioxide
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What is the chemical name for limestone?
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calcium carbonate
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Which separation technique would be used to separate sand from a mixture of salt solution and water?
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Filtration
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Which separation technique would be used to separate the salt from a salt solution?
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Evaporation
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Which separation technique would be used to separate both the salt and the water?
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Distillation
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Which separation technique would be used to separate a mixture of ethanol and water?
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Fractional distillation
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Which separation technique would be used to separate the colours in a selection of dyes?
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Chromatography
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In salt solution, what is the name of the solute?
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Salt - sodium chloride
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In salt solution, what is the name of the solvent?
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Water
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What is the name for a soluble solid?
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Solute
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Define a saturated solution.
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A solution in which no more of the solute can be dissolved at that temperature.
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Solubility usually increases with an increase in temperature. Which chemical did we test that did not?
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Sodium Chloride
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Write the word equation for combustion.
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fuel + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water vapour + soot (carbon)
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Which two elements are contained in the fuel (hydrocarbon)?
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Carbon and hydrogen
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Which gas is needed for fuels to burn?
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Oxygen
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Name three fuels.
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Coal, oil, gas (methane - natural gas), wood, petrol
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Rusting requires two chemicals to react with the iron or steel. What are they?
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Oxygen and water
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Name three ways to prevent rusting.
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Painting, galvanising, oiling
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Complete: metal + oxygen ->
What type of chemical reaction is this? Why is there an increase in mass? |
Metal oxide
Oxidation The element is combining with oxygen in the air to form a compound. |
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Complete: copper + oxygen ->
What type of chemical reaction is this? Why is there an increase in mass? |
Copper oxide
Oxidation The element is combining with oxygen in the air to form a compound. |
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Complete: magnesium + oxygen ->
What type of chemical reaction is this? Why is there an increase in mass? |
Magnesium oxide
Oxidation The element is combining with oxygen in the air to form a compound. |
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What colour would you see when copper is heated in oxygen?
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Changes from pink/brown to black
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What colour change would you see when magnesium is heated in oxygen?
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light grey to white
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Complete this equation:
metal + water -> What colour change would you see if green universal indicator solution was added to the liquid produced? |
metal hydroxide + hydrogen
from green to blue/purple (alkaline solutions) |
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Complete this equation:
calcium + water -> What colour change would you see if green universal indicator solution was added to the liquid produced? Is this solution acidic, neutral or alkaline? |
calcium hydroxide + hydrogen
from green to blue/purple (alkaline solutions) alkaline |
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Complete this equation:
metal + acid -> |
metal salt + hydrogen
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Complete this equation:
magnesium + hydrochloric acid -> |
magnesium chloride + hyrdrogen
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Complete this equation:
magnesium + sulphuric acid -> |
magnesium sulphate + hydrogen
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Complete this equation:
magnesium + nitric acid -> |
magnesium nitrate + hydrogen
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Complete this equation:
metal oxide + acid -> (base) |
metal salt + water
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Complete this equation:
zinc oxide + sulphuric acid-> |
zinc sulphate + water
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Complete this equation:
metal hydroxide + acid -> (alkali) |
metal salt + water
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Complete this equation:
sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid -> What type of chemical reaction is this? |
sodium chloride + water
Neutralisation |
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What is a thermal decomposition reaction?
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A reaction in which a compound is broken down into simpler substances.
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Complete this word equation:
Carbonate + acid -> |
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
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Complete this word equation:
Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid -> |
calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide
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Complete this word equation:
copper carbonate + sulphuric acid -> |
copper sulphate + water + carbon dioxide
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Which gas is given off when carbonates are heated or added to acid?
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carbon dioxide
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Complete this word equation:
iron + copper sulphate -> |
iron sulphate + copper
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Name five properties of metals
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1. good conductors of heat and electricity
2. malleable, 3. sonorous 4. high melting points 5. shiny 6. form basic oxides |
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Name five properties of non-metals.
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1. Poor conductors of heat and electricity - insulators
2. brittle 3. low melting and boiling points 4. dull 5. form acidic oxides |
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Name five metals
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magnesium
copper sodium calcium zinc lithium titanium aluminum potassium iron nickel cobalt |
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Name five non-metals
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oxygen
sulphur carbon nitrogen helium hydrogen argon xenon radon chlorine iodine bromine |
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What type of oxide do metals form?
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basic
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What type of oxide do non-metals (except Hydrogen) form?
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Acidic
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What type of oxide does hydrogen form?
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neutral - water
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Acids have a pH value from ___ to ___.
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zero - six
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Neutral substances have a pH value of ___
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seven
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Alkalis have a pH value from ___ to ___
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eight - fourteen
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A strong acid could be _______ having a pH of 1.
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hydrochloric, sulphuric or nitric acid
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A strong alkali could be _____ having a pH of 14.
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sodium hydroxide solution
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An example of a neutral substance is _______.
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water, salt or sugar solution
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Name two everyday uses of neutralisation and what is used to neutralise the excess acid or alkali.
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1. neutralising acidic soil - Lime (calcium oxide) is used by farmers for this
2. treating acid indigestion - a weak alkali such as magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia, an antacid is used |
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Why do we use weak acids or alkalis for neutralising?
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So that the neutralisation can be done carefully and more can be added if necessary. Strong acids or alkalis would cause more damage, making it worse.
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Name three pollutant gases and how these gases are formed.
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carbon dioxide - formed from combustion
sulphur dioxide - formed by burning fossil fuels nitrogen oxides - formed from vehicle exhausts |
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What are the effects of the three pollutant gases (carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide) on the environment?
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Carbon dioxide is responsible for the greenhouse effect -- global warming
Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides dissolve in rain water and form acid rain - pH lower than 6. All rain is slightly acidic, but these pollutant gases make it more acidic |
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From this list of elements, which forms a pollutant gas?
sulphur, carbon, copper, magnesium, zinc, sodium |
carbon
sulphu |
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From this list of elements, which is a dull, yellow solid?
sulphur, carbon, copper, magnesium, zinc, sodium |
sulphur
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From this list of elements, which is used for galvanizing?
sulphur, carbon, copper, magnesium, zinc, sodium |
zinc
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From this list of elements, which can be used for hot water pipes?
sulphur, carbon, copper, magnesium, zinc, sodium |
copper
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From this list of elements, which forms a white oxide when heated in air (oxygen)?
sulphur, carbon, copper, magnesium, zinc, sodium |
magnesium
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From this list of elements, which is the most reactive metal and how must it be stored?
sulphur, carbon, copper, magnesium, zinc, sodium |
sodium - it has to be stored in oil
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Name two oxides that do not change chemically when heated
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magnesium oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide
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What do compound names end in when there are two elements chemically combined? Give examples.,
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-ide
carbon dioxide, sodium chloride, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, aluminium iodide, iron sulphide, cobalt chloride, copper sulphide |
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What do compound names end in when there are three or more elements chemically combines? Give an example.
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-ate
copper sulphate, copper carbonate, calcium carbonate, zinc nitrate |
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Define 'element'.
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A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Elements are made from only one type of atom, e.g. copper is made from copper atoms.
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Define mixture.
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Two or more elements not chemically combined
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Define compound
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Two or more elements chemically combined
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When aluminum powder and solid iodine are mixed together and heated, a vigourous reaction occurs. The name of the product is....
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aluminum iodide
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Name three pieces of evidence to show that a chemical reation has taken place.
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1. colour change
2. gas given off (bubbles / effervescence) and giving out heat (exothermic) 3. taking in heat (endothermic) |
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Name the three magnetic metallic elements in the Periodic Table.
Name the alloy that is magnetic made from one of these elements. |
iron, cobalt, nickel
steel (made from iron) |
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When lighting the Bunsen burner, in what position should the air hole be?
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closed
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Which flame is used to heat solids and where is this flame the hottest?
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roaring blue
just above the blue cone |
