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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Element
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An element is a substance that cannot be brokendown into a simpler chemical substance.
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Chemical Symbol
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A chemical symbol is one or two letters that identify an element, for example C for carbon and Na for sodium.
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C
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Carbon - 18.5% of the human body
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H
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Hydrogen - 9.5% of the human body
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O
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Oxygen - 65% of the human body
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N
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Nitrogen
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P
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Phosporus
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Cl
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Chlorine
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Na
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Sodium
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K
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Potassium
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S
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Sulfur
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Ca
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Calcium
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Mg
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Magnesium
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Fe
New Term |
Iron - trace element in the human body
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Zn
New Term |
Zinc - trace element in the human body
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Cu
New Term |
Copper - trace element in the human body
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I
New Term |
Ioding - trace element in the human body
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Mn
New Term |
Manganese - trace element in the human body
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B
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Boron - trace element in the human body
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Cr
New Term |
Chromium - trace element in the human body
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Mo
New Term |
Molybdenum - trace element in the human body
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Co
New Term |
Cobalt - trace element in the human body
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Se
New Term |
Selenium - trace element in the human body
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F
New Term |
Florine - trace element in the human body
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Trace Elements
New Term Section 6.1 |
Elements that are present in living things in very small amounts and are necessary for healthy cells
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Atom
Section 6.1 |
An atom is the smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element.
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Name the particles that make up an atom.
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Protons
Neutrons Electrons |
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Name the particles in the nucleus of an atom.
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Protons and Neutrons
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Name the charge on a proton.
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Positive
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Name the charge on a neutron.
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Neutral
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Name the charge on an electron.
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Negative
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Describe the location of electrons in an atom.
Section 6.1 |
Electrons travel around the nucleus and move so quickly they look like a cloud.
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Electron Energy Levels
Section 6.1 |
Electrons travel around the nucleus in regions call energy levels.
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What is the number of electrons the first energy level can hold?
Section 6.1 |
The first energy level can hold 2 electrons.
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What is the number of electrons the second energy level can hold?
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The second energy level can hold 8 electrons.
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What is the number of electrons the third energy level can hold?
Section 6.1 |
The third energy level can hold 18 electrons.
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What is the charge on an atom?
Section 6.1 |
Atoms are neutral. They have the same number of postive protons and negative electrons.
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Isotopes
Section 6.1 |
An isotope is an element that has a different number of neutrons that usual. For example carbon usually has 6 neutrons but sometimes has 7 or 8 neutrons in the nucleus.
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Chemical Compounds
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A substance that contains 2 or more atoms of DIFFERENT elements that are chemically bonded together, for example NaCl (salt).
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Covalent Bond
Section 6.1 |
A covalent bond is when 2 or more atoms are held together by the sharing of electrons.
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Molecule
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A molecule is a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds and having no overall cahrge.
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Ion
Section 6.1 |
An atom that has gained or lost and electron and has a positive or negative charge.
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The charge on an atom that has lost an electron in other words an atom that has lost a negative charge.
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This would make a positively charged ion.
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The charge on an atom that has gained an electron in other words an atom that has gained a negative charge.
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This would make a negatively charged ion.
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Ionic Bond
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An ionic bond happens when two atoms of opposite charges attract.
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Metabolism
New Term |
Metabolism is all of the chemi al reactions that occur in an organism.
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Chemical Reactions
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In chemical reactions the bonds between atoms in molecules are broken and the atoms combine and recombine making different molecules.
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Chemical Equations
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Chemical equations use chemical symbols to show how molecules ane broken down and recombined into new substances.
(See page 152 fro an example) |
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Mixture
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A mixture is a combination of substances where each substance retains their own properties, for example trail mix.
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Solution
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A solution is a special kind of mixture where one substance (called the solute) is evenly distributed in another substance (called the solvent) for example Kool-Aid.
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pH
Section 6.1 |
A scale that is used to measure the strength of acids and bases. The pH scale goes from 0 to 14.
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pH of an Acid
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Acids have a pH between 0 and 6.
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Neutral pH
Section 6.1 |
A pH of 7 is considered to be neutral on the pH scale
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pH of a Base
Section 6.1 |
Bases have a ph between 8 and 14.
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What is the pH of lemon juice?
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Lemon juice has a pH of 2.
Lemon juice is a strong acid. |
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What is the pH of tomatoes?
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Tomatoes have a pH of 4.
Tomatoes are a modetate acid. |
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What is the pH of milk?
Section 6.1 |
Milk has a pH of 6.
Milk is a weak or mildly acidic. |
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What is the pH of water?
Section 6.1 |
It has a pH of 7.
Water is neutral on the pH scale. |
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What is the pH of an egg?
Section 6.1 |
An egg has a pH of 8.
It is a mild base. |
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What is the pH of an antacid like tums?
Section 6.1 |
Antacids have a pH of 10.
Antacids are moderate bases. |
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What is the pH of ammonia?
Section 6.1 |
Ammonia has a pH of 11.
Ammonia is considered a strong base. |
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What is the pH of drain cleaner like Drano?
Section 6.1 |
Drain cleaner has a pH of 13.
Drain cleaner is a very strong base. |
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What is an Acid?
Section 6.1 |
An acid is a substance that forms hydrogen ions in water.
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What is a Base?
Section 6.1 |
A Base is a substance that forms hydroxide ions in water.
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Why is water a polar molecule?
Section 6.2 |
The electrons in water are not shared equally so one end of the molecule is slightly positive and the other side is slightly negative.
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What happens when water freezes?
Section 6.2 |
Water expends when it freezes.
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What is diffusion?
Section 6.2 |
The movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
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What is equilibrium?
Section 6.2 |
Molecules are moving but the consentration of a substance is no longer changing, it has equalized.
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