Chemistry Notes 2 Definitions

Front 1

Matter

Back 1

anything that takes up space, has mass and inertia

Front 2

Pure Substance

Back 2

elements and compounds

Front 3

Physical change

Back 3

when molecules/atoms only rearrange to change size shape and state but not its identity (reversible)

Front 4

Chemical change

Back 4

molecules/atoms change into different molecules/atoms to form a new substance (irreversible)

Front 5

Material

Back 5

a specific kind of matter

Front 6

Phase

Back 6

distinct part of matter w/ the same properties that are separated from the other phases by an interface (four diff. phases are solid, liquid, gas, plasma)

Front 7

Plasma

Back 7

very high charged energy particles that respond strongly and collectively to electromagnetic fields

Front 8

Gas

Back 8

matter with no fixed volume or shape

Front 9

Liquid

Back 9

with fixed volume but not shape

Front 10

Solid

Back 10

matter with fixed volume and shape

Front 11

Mixture

Back 11

matter with more than one type of molecule physically combined but each molecule keeping their own characteristics

Front 12

Means of bringing about a chemical change

Back 12

apply-> heat, electricity, catalyst, light, add water to anhydride compound

Front 13

Solvent

Back 13

material that does the dissolving

Front 14

Solute

Back 14

material that dissolves

Front 15

Precipitate

Back 15

insoluble solid formed when two solutions chemically react

Front 16

Catalysis

Back 16

applying a catalyst to a chemical reaction

Front 17

Catalyst

Back 17

used to alter a reaction (not consumed in reaction)

Front 18

Physical Properties

Back 18

characteristics that describe a substance’s behavior during a physical change using measurement and observations

Front 19

Chemical Properties

Back 19

characteristics that describe a substance’s behavior as it undergoes a chemical change

Front 20

Homogeneous mixture

Back 20

well mixed and looks the same throughout

Front 21

Heterogeneous mixture

Back 21

mixed, the original materials can still be distinguished

Front 22

Solution

Back 22

homogeneous substance formed by different evenly spread and dissolved molecules

Front 23

Solutions are:

Back 23

best mixed, no separate phases, harder to physically separate, evenly spread

Front 24

Distillation

Back 24

solutions composed of liquids w/ different volatility rates

Front 25

Filtration

Back 25

method of separating a solid and liquid mixture by pouring it into a filter paper which will retain the solid while letting the filtrate strain through

Front 26

Decantation

Back 26

way of separating a solid from a liquid by carefully pouring the liquid w/o disturbing the solid

Front 27

Centrifuge

Back 27

works using the sedimentation principle, where the centripetal acceleration is used to separate substances of greater and lesser density

Front 28

Fractional crystallization

Back 28

solution is heated, cooled, and the solute is filtered out

Front 29

Volatility

Back 29

point at which substance changes into a gas

Front 30

Compound

Back 30

made up of one type of molecule that has different atoms chemically combined in a definite ratio

Front 31

Atom

Back 31

smallest indivisible part of the element

Front 32

Substance

Back 32

material w/ a definite composition and distinct properties

Front 33

Element

Back 33

simplest pure form made up of one type of atom and cannot be broken down chemically nor physically into simpler substances

Front 34

Malleable

Back 34

can be flattened into sheets

Front 35

Ductile

Back 35

can be pulled into cords

Front 36

Metalloids

Back 36

properties of both metals and nonmetals

Front 37

3 classes of matter

Back 37

elements, compounds, mixtures