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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Matter |
Anything that has mass and occupies space |
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Mass |
The property that defines the quantity of matter in an object |
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Energy |
The capacity to do work |
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Chemistry |
The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and of the energy consumed or given off when matter undergoes a change |
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(Pure) Substance |
Matter that has a constant composition and cannot be broken down into simpler matter by any physical process |
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Physical Process |
A transformation of a sample of matter, such as a change in its physical state, that does not alter the chemical identity of any substance in the sample |
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Mixture |
A combination of pure substances in variable proportions in which the individual substances retain their chemical identities and can be separated from one another by a physical process |
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Homogeneous Mixture |
A mixture in which the components are distributed uniformly throughout and have no visible boundaries or regions |
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Solution |
Another name for homogeneous mixture; often liquids but may be solids or gases |
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Heterogeneous Mixture |
A mixture in which the components are not distributed uniformly, so that the mixture contains distinct regions of different compositions |
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Element |
A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by any chemical process |
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Compound |
A pure substance that is composed of two or more elements bonded together in fixed proportions and that can be broken down into those elements by some chemical process |
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Chemical Reaction |
The transformation of one or more substances into different substances |
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Law of Constant Composition |
All samples of a particular compound contain the same elements combined in the same proportions |
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Atom |
The smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical characteristics of the element |
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Molecule |
A collection of atoms chemically bonded together in characteristic proportions |
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Chemical Formula |
A notation for representing elements and compounds; consists of the symbols of the constituent elements and subscripts identifying the number of atoms of each element in one molecule |
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Chemical Equation |
Notation in which chemical formulas express the identities and their coefficients express the quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction |
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Chemical Bond |
The energy that holds two atoms in a molecule together |
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Filtration |
A process for separating particles suspended in a liquid or gas by passing the mixture through a medium that retains the particles |
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Distillation |
A separation technique in which the more volatile components of a mixture are vaporized and then condensed, thereby separating them from the less volatile components |
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Volatile |
Easily vaporized |
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Intensive Property of Matter |
A property that is independent of the amount of substance present |
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Extensive Property of Matter |
A property that varies with the quantity of the substance present |
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Examples of Intensive Properties |
Color, Melting and Boiling Temperatures, Malleability, Hardness, Shine, Flammability |
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Examples of Extensive Properties |
Width and Length, Mass, Volume |
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Physical Property of Matter |
A property of a substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance |
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Chemical Property of Matter |
A property of a substance that can be observed only by reacting it to form another substance |
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Density |
The ration of the mass of an object to its volume |
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Solid |
A form of mater that has a definite shape and volume |
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Liquid |
A form of matter that occupies a definite volume but flows to assume the shape of its container |
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Gas/Vapor |
A form of matter that has neither definite volume nor shape and that expands to fill its container |
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Scientific Method |
An approach to acquiring knowledge based on observation of phenomena, development of a testable hypothesis, and additional experiments that test the validity of the hypothesis |
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Hypothesis |
A tentative and testable explanation for an observation or a series of observations |
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Theory/Model |
A general explanation of a widely observed phenomenon that has been extensively tested and validated |
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Significant Figures |
All the certain digits in a measured value plus one estimated digit. The greater the number of ___________ _______, the greater the certainty with which the value is known |
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Precision |
The extent to which repeated measurements of the same variable agree |
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Accuracy |
Agreement between an experimental value and a true value |
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Conversion Factor |
A fraction in which the numerator is equivalent to the denominator but is expressed in different units, making the value of the fraction 1 |
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Kelvin (K) |
The SI unit of temperature |
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Absolute Zero |
The zero point on the Kelvin temperature scale; theoretically the lowest temperature possible |