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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Steps in the scientific method
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1)form an observation
2)formulate a hypothesis 3)experiment 4)form a conclusion |
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defintion of law
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rule of nature that sums up related observations and experimental results to DESCRIBE a pattern in nature
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theory
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EXPLANATION based on many observations supported by experimental data; can never be proven, used as a working format
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shows kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit
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chemical formula
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how to write chemical formulas
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Symbol (C, H, O) and then Subscript
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result of a chemical change
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chemical reaction
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how to write chemical reactions
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Reactants--->Products
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physical property
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observed property that can be altered without changing its chemical composition
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chemical property
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characteristic of a material that controls a material's action with other materials
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ex. of physical properties
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melting, freezing, dissolving, breaking
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ex. of chemical properties
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rusting, burning
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molar mass
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mass of a mole of any substance
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kilo=
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1000
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deci=
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1/10
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centi=
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1/100
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milli=
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1/1000
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how to convert Kelvins to Celsius
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C=K-273 and K=C+273
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dimensional analysis
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uses of units that are part of measurements to solve a problem
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subatomic particles--what charge and where located
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electrons: negatively-charged, located in energy levels outside the nucleus
protons: positively-charged, located within the nucleus neutrons: neutral charge, located within the nucleus |
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atomic mass
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1/12 the mass of a Carbon 12 atom that contains 6 protons and 6 neutrons
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atomic number
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number or protons in the nucleus of an atom
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isotopes
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atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
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formula unit
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lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound
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polyatomic ion
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tightly-bound groups of atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge
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polyatomic ions end in...
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-ate or -ite
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compound composed of 2 elements --metal cation plus nonmetal anion
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ionic binary compound
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ionic binary compound naming
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1)name of cation first 2)anion ends in -ide
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compounds composed of 2 non-metallic elements
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molecular binary compound
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molecular binary compound naming
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use prefixes to indicate number of atoms of each element, second element ends in -ide
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S+O2--->SO2
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combination
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SO2--->S+O2
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decomposition
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Fe+CuSO4--->FeSO4+Cu
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single-replacement
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AgNO3+KCl--->AgCl+KNO3
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double-replacement
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CH4+2HO2--->CO2+2H2O+heat+light
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combustion
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acid
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compounds that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
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endothermic
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absorbs heat from surroundings--positive
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exothermic
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releases heat to its surroundings-negative
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STP for gases
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0 degrees C and pressure of 101.3kPa or 1 atm
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specific heat formula
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Heat (joules or calories)
------------------------- mass x change in temp C q ----- m x T |