Chemistry In Context

Front 1

Which 2 gasses make up more than 95% of an inhaled breath?

Back 1

O2 and N2

Front 2

Ozone is considered an air pollutant in the _____ but is a valuable protective layer in the ____.

Back 2

Troposphere; Stratosphere

Front 3

A substance that can be broken down into 2 or more simpler substances by chemical methods is called:

Back 3

A compound

Front 4

During a chemical reaction,

Back 4

atoms are rearranged

Front 5

The two main products of the combustion of gasoline in an automobile engine are:

Back 5

Water and carbon dioxide

Front 6

Catalytic converters reduce the amount of ______ in car exhaust.

Back 6

CO

Front 7

Ozone is a secondary pollutant. A secondary pollutant is:

Back 7

not produced directly but as the product of the interaction of 2 or more pollutants.

Front 8

Chemical symbol for iron:

Back 8

Fe

Front 9

all flame, particularly high-temperature one, produce

Back 9

NO

Front 10

DNA is damaged by light in the:

Back 10

Ultraviolet region, especially below a wavelength of 320

Front 11

The mass number of an isotope of an element is the:

Back 11

Sum of the number of it protons and neutrons.

Front 12

The structure of ozone most closely resembles a

Back 12

bent molecule with the same length of chemical bonds

Front 13

The Montreal Protocol is a

Back 13

Treaty to reduce the amount of CFCs produced in the world.

Front 14

The nucleus of an atom contains

Back 14

Protons and Neutrons only

Front 15

What distinguishes the atoms of one element from another?

Back 15

the number of protons

Front 16

Isotopes of an element have the same number of ____ but different numbers of____.

Back 16

protons; neutrons

Front 17

Which product of the UV decomposition of CFC's acts as the catalyst for ozone decomposition?

Back 17

Chlorine atoms

Front 18

Which atmospheric component does not contribute to global warming?

Back 18

N2

Front 19

Land use changes have a big impact on global warming because of their effect on albedo. The term albedo,

Back 19

is the ration of electromagnetic radiation reflected by a surface to the amount of radiation hitting that surface.

Front 20

What is the affect of the absorption of inferred energy on matter?

Back 20

It increases the vibration of chemical bonds.

Front 21

Every increase of one pH unit indicates

Back 21

10 times less hydrogen ions in a solution

Front 22

The worlds most abundant fossil fuel is:

Back 22

Coal

Front 23

What atmospheric component is responsible for the natural acidity of rain?

Back 23

Carbon Dioxide

Front 24

What is an aquifer?

Back 24

a large pool of water trapped in sand and gravel below the surface of the earth.

Front 25

Electronegativity is:

Back 25

a relative measure for electrons it shares in a covalent bond

Front 26

A polar covalent bond is created when:

Back 26

2 atoms share their bonding electrons unequally

Front 27

In general, hydrogen bonds are

Back 27

about 1/10 as strong as a typical covalent bond

Front 28

the attractions between anions and cations throughout a crystal are known collectively as

Back 28

ionic bonds

Front 29

the steps in the typical purification process for municipal drinking water are, in order,

Back 29

initial filtration, flocculation, final filtration and chlorination

Front 30

Carbon dioxide is an acid anhydride for which compound?

Back 30

H2CO3

Front 31

Bases produce which ions in aqueous solutions?

Back 31

OH-

Front 32

Which nitrogen-containing substance is generally unreactive?

Back 32

N2

Front 33

Which nitrogen compound is produced using the Harber-Bosch process?

Back 33

NH3

Front 34

Which naturally occurring type of radiation has the highest penetrating power?

Back 34

Gamma

Front 35

Fission is the process of creating energy by:

Back 35

Splitting large nuclei with bombarding neutron

Front 36

The greatest percentage of background radiation comes from:

Back 36

naturally occurring radon

Front 37

Weapon grade uranium is

Back 37

90% U-235

Front 38

Combustion is a chemical process in which a fuel combines with _____ to release energy and form products

Back 38

Oxygen

Front 39

In an endothermic rection

Back 39

heat is absorbed as the reaction proceeds

Front 40

Petroleum (crude oil) is a complex mixture of thousands of substances, the majority of which are:

Back 40

Hydrocarbons

Front 41

During petroleum refining, catalysts play an extremely important role during the

Back 41

cracking and reforming process

Front 42

A gasolines octane rating is a measure of the

Back 42

gasolines resistance to causing knocking in a vehicles engine.

Front 43

the process by which a solution is heated to its boiling point and the vapors are condensed and collected is known as

Back 43

distillation

Front 44

the opposite of a galvanic cell is:

Back 44

an electrolytic cell

Front 45

The type of batter used to tower the starter motor in most cars is

Back 45

Lead acid