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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did the early atmosphere contain? |
Large amounts of Carbon Dioxide Some: ammonia methane nitrogen water vapour NO OXYGEN |
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What happend as the Earth cooled? |
Water vapor in the atmosphere condensed to form the oceans Carbon Dioxide dissolved into the oceans |
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What is the atmosphere made up of today? |
78% nitrogen 21% oxygen 1% argon 0.04% carbon dioxide |
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Why did the proportion of oxygen go up in the atmosphere? |
photosynthesis |
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Why did the proportion of carbon dioxide go down? |
It was absorbed by plants for photosynthesis? |
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What are limestone's uses? (Calcium Carbonate) |
Make :Glass, concrete and cement, |
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When heated what does calcium carbonate make? |
calcium oxide (lime) and carbon dioxide |
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What is thermal decomposition ? |
When something decomposes due to heat. |
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What is molten rock called? |
MAGMA |
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How is igneous rock formed? |
When magma solidifies, this can happen underground or on the surface of the earth. |
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What effects the size of the igneous rock? |
The speed at which the magma cools. If magma cools slowly the crystals are bigger.
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How is Metamorphic rock formed? |
When existing rocks are subjected to high temperatures and high pressure. Example limestone and chalk turn into marble when subjected to high heat |
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How is sedimentary rock formed? |
Particles of other rocks that have been eroded and washed away in rivers and laid down in layers to form sediments. The layers pile up and compress, the deeper layers of sediment over a very long time period- the particles get cemented together . Sandtone is an example. May contain dead plants and animals |
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When water is added to calcium oxide what happens? |
A reaction happens that produces a lot of heat. The solution formed is calcium hydroxide. |
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What is the lime water test? |
When you bubble a gas through lime water if it goes cloudy CO2 is present. |
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What happens when you mix acids with alkalis? |
neutralisation |
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What all neutralise acids? |
Calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hyrdoxide metal oxides, metal hydroxides, or metal carbonates |
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What is formed when coal burns? |
Nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide Theses are acidic gases that can make acid rain. Calcium carbonate is sprayed into chimneys and it neutralizes the acidic gases, so reducing the chance of acid rain forming. |
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What is formed when metal oxides or hydioxides are added to acid? |
salt and water |
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What is formed when metal carbonates are mixed with acid? |
salt and water + carbon dioxide |
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What happens when hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, and nitric acid are neutralised? |
-chloride salts formed -sulphate salts formed -nitrate salts formed |
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What is chlorine? |
A yellow-green gas that is toxic. |
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How do you test for chlorine gas? |
hold a piece of damp blue litmus paper in it. If the gas is chlorine the litmus paper will turn first turn red and then bleached white. |
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How do you test for hydrogen? |
The squeaky pop test- Put a lighted splint near the mouth of a test tube containing the gas there will be a squeaky pop as it reacts with oxygen in the air |
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How do you test for oxygen? |
Put a glowing splint into a test tube containing the gas, the splint will burst into flames again. |
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What are all substances made of? |
atoms |
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What is a compound? |
Consists of atoms of two or more elements chemically joined together. |
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What happens in all chemical equations? |
The atoms of the reactants rearrange to form new products. no atoms are destroyed and no atoms added. = CONSERVATION OF MASS |
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What is a precipitation reaction? |
Where two soluble substances react together to form an insoluble solid. |
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What is a balanced equation? |
When there are the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. |
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What is indigestion? |
When you stomach produces too much hydrochloric acid? |
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How does your body neutralise indigestion? |
Indigestion remedies: -calcium carbonate -magnesium hydroxide |
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What is a base? |
A substance that neutralizes an acid to produce salt and water.
acid + base --> salt + water |
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A base that is soluble in water is called a ? |
Alkali |
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What is an ore? |
An ore is a rock containing compounds from which a metal can be extracted at profit. |
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What is oxidation? |
The addition of oxygen to an element or compound. The opposite of this is reduction |
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What is rust? |
Iron reacting with oxygen in the air (oxidation) and creating metal oxides. |
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What an important fact to remember about corrosion and the reactivity series? |
Metals high in the reactivity series corrode very easily ; metals lower down dont |
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What are three advantages of recycling metals? |
-reserves of metal ores will last longer -it reduces the use of energy -there is less damage to the landscape from mining |
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Examples of uses of: Aluminium Copper Gold Steel |
-aircraft -electrical cables, water pipes -jewellery -construction |
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What is an alloys? |
A mixture of two or more elements where at least one is a metal. |
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What are qualities of a good fuel? |
-burn easily -produce a lot of heat energy - not produce much pollution
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What can hydrogen and oxygen do? |
Be combined in a fuel cell to produce electricity. |
