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10 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

It is impossible to know botht the momentum and position of a particle at the same time with total accuracy.

Aufbau Principle

Electrons fill subshells within an energy level from lowest to highest

Pauli Exclusion Pronciple

No pair of electrons can have the same four quantum numbers.

Hund's Rule

Electrons filling orbitals in a subshell with equal energy first spread out before pairing up.

Why can Hydrogen represent both Group 1A and 7A?

It can either lose 1 electron (1s^0) to represent Group 1A or gain 1 electeon (1s^2) to represent Group 7A.

- Why do elements with high ionization energies also have more positive electron affinities?



- Which elements have the highest ionization energies? Lowest?

- The smaller the atom, the higher the attraction between the electrons and nucleus. High attraction = Difficult to remove an electron (High Ionization Energy). It then follows that it would be favorable to add an electron (High Electron Affinity).

Radioactive Decay

Natural process which results in new elements being formed.

Nuclear Transmutation

A manmade process which results in the formation of desired elements through bombardment of certain particles.

Nuclear Reactions vs Chemical Reactions

Nuclear:


- Elements are converted into a new isotope of the same element (or different elements) through gain or loss of electrons, protons and neutrons.


- Involves a larger amount of energy being absorbed or released.



Chemical:


- Elements mix and react with each other to form new elements and compounds.


- Involves a significantly smaller amount of energy being absorbed or released.


Half-Life

The amount of time it takes for exactly one-half of a radioactive element to decay.