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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Definition of Melting. |
The substance changes from a solid to a liquid. |
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Definition of Freezing. |
The substance changes from a liquid to a solid. |
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Definition of Condensation. |
The substance changes from a gas to a liquid. |
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Definition of Evaporation |
The substance changes from a liquid to a gas. |
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Definition of Sublimation. |
The substance changes from a solid to a gas. |
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Definition of Deposition. |
The substance changes from a gas to a solid. |
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Define Boyle's Law and give an example. |
Pressure and volume have an inverse relationship: P1V1 = P2V2 |
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Define Charles' law and give an example. |
Volume and temperature have a direct relationship: V1/T1 = V2/T2 |
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How does one convert degrees Celsius to Kelvin? |
(C) + 273.15 = (K) |
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Describe the motion of particles at absolute zero temperature. |
All motion stops. |
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What is an ionic bond? |
One element gives up electrons, and one element takes electrons. |
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Define saturated, supersaturated, and unsaturated. |
- Saturated: a solvent is holding the maximum amount of solute possible. - Supersaturated: a solvent has been heated and is now holding more solute than it should. - Unsaturated: a solvent can dissolve more solute than it currently has. |
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What are the products of neutralization? |
Water and a salt. |
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Give four ways in increase the speed of a reaction. |
- Increase surface area - Increase concentration - Increase heat - Add a catalyst |
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What is the molarity of 0.25 moles of solute in 1.5 L of solution? |
0.17 M |
Molarity (M) = moles solute/ liters solution |
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What is the molarity of 1.5 moles of solute in 500 g. of solvent? |
3 m. |
Molarity (M) = moles solute/ liters solution 1 (L) = 1000 grams |
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Define quantative vs. quantitative analysis. |
- Qualitative: an observable characteristic that is a quality or is descriptive. - Quantitative: a numerical characteristic. |
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Define limiting reactant. |
The reactant that gets used up first. |
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What is kinetic molecular theory? |
Tiny particles form all matter, and they are constantly in motion. |
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Define diffusion vs. effusion. |
- Diffusion: particles moving through a space (perfume spreading through a room.) - Effusion: particles moving through a hole (leak in a balloon.) |
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What is the instrument that measures atmospheric pressure? |
Barometer. |
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What is standard pressure? |
- 1 atm - 101.3 kPa - 760 mmHg - 760 torr |
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What happens to volume as temperature increases (pressure stays the same)? |
According to Charles' Law, it increases as well. |
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Tell what all of the letters in PV = nRT stand for. |
P = Pressure V = Volume n = Moles R = Gas Law Constant based on Pressure T = Temperature in Kelvin |
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What is the volume of one mole of gas at STP? |
22.4 Liters. |
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Define Inhibitor vs. Catalyst. |
- Inhibitor: stops the effects of a catalyst on a reaction. - Catalyst: speeds up a reaction by lowering the activation energy. |
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What color does acid make litmus paper turn? |
Red. |
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What are the suffix rules for naming acids? |
- Binary: hydro___ic acid - Ternary: - (ite): ___ous acid - (ate): ___ic acid |
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How do you determine if a compound is a base? |
If the compound contains hydroxide (OH,) then it's a base. |
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Define Bronstead-Lowry acid and base. |
- Acid: A compound that donates hydrogen. - Base: A compound that accepts a hydrogen. |
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The pH of a solution with a concentration of 0.090 M. HCl is what? |
pH = 1.0 |
pH = - log [H3O] |
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What is there a difference between an ionic and covalent compound. |
- Ionic: Electrons are given or taken. - Covalent: Electrons are shared. |
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How many calories are needed to raise the temperature of 35g of water from 22.5 •C to 35 •C? |
440 calories. |
- Q = mC🔺T - C = 1cal / g•C |
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What is a dilute vs. concentrated solution? |
- Dilute: A solution has a low amount of solute. - Concentrated: A solvent has a high amount of solute. |
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What are colligative properties? |
Properties that depend on the amount of substances in the container and not what they are. |
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Name three colligative properties. |
- Freezing point - Boiling point - Vapor pressure |
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What is a catalyst? |
Catalyst: Speeds up a reaction by lowering the activation energy without being used up. |
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How can you tell the difference between monoprotic, diprotic, and triprotic acids? |
- Monoprotic: 1 hydrogen. - Diprotic: 2 hydrogens. - Triprotic: 3 hydrogens. |
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What is the Law of Conservation of Mass? |
Matter cannot be created or destroyed. |
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What is the molarity of a solution that contains 6.0g of NaOH in 250mL of water? |
0.6M. |
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What happens when vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to atmospheric pressure? |
This is the boiling point. |
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How does a catalyst speed up a reaction? |
It lowers the activation energy required for the reaction to take place. |
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What is an Arrhenius acid and base? |
- Acid: Gives off a H+ when dissolved in water. - Base: Gives of a OH- when dissolved in water. |
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What is the pH of a neutral solution? |
7. |
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What are the conditions of STP? |
- 273.15 K - 1atm |
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Define metallic bond. |
A bond between 2 metal atoms that are connected by a sea of electrons. |
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What is molarity? |
Moles/Liters. |
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What happens to reaction rate as particle size increases? |
It slows down. |
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Define and give the properties of a liquid. |
- Define volume, but with no definite shape. - Incompressible. - Takes the form of the container. |
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What is temperature? |
A measure of the kinetic energy of a substance. |
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What is the difference between exoteric and endothermic? |
- Exothermic: A reaction that releases more energy out if the system than it takes in. - Endothermic: A reaction that takes in more energy than it releases. |
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What are the phase changes? |
Melting, boiling, condensation, freezing, and sublimating. |
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In saltwater, what is the solute and solvent? |
- Salt: Solute - Water: Solvent |
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What does adding antifreeze do to the freezing point? |
Lowers the freezing point. |
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What is the total mass of 9.01x10^23 atoms of helium gas? |
5.99g He |
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What is the gram molecular mass of barium nitrate? |
261.35g |
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Sugar dissolved in water would be what type of mixture? |
Solution. |
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Give an example of each of the five types of reaction. |
- Synthesis: A + B => AB - Decomposition: AB => A +B - Single Replacement: A + BC => AC + B - Double Replacement: AB + CD => AD + CB - Combustion: CH4 + O2 => H2O + CO2 |
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Give the characteristics of acids and bases. |
- Acid: Starts with H; low pH; sour tasting; electrolyte. - Base: Ends with OH; high pH; bitter tasting; electrolyte. |
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What does immiscible mean? |
2 liquids that do not mix. |
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What is activation energy? |
The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to occur. |
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What type of bonds do organic compounds have? |
Covalent. |
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What is the difference between a straight chain and a branched hydrocarbon? |
- Straight Chain: Have no substituents and all carbons are bonded to 1 or 2 other carbons. - Branched Chain: Have substituents, and all carbons are bonded to 3 or 4 other carbons. |
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What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons? |
- Saturated: All carbons have the maximum amount of hydrogen possible. - Unsaturated: Has at least one double or triple bond |
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What are the prefixes for hydrocarbons between one and 10 carbon atoms long? |
Meth/Eth/Prop/But/Pent/Hex/Hept/Oct/Non/Dec |
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What are the suffixes for hydrocarbons that have a double bond? |
-ene • A triple bond? -yne |
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What is the structure of the functional groups for: - Carboxylic acid - Alcohol - Amine |
- COOH - OH - NH2 |
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