Chemistry Exam 2

Front 1

atomic mass

Back 1

the mass of an atom in atomic mass units

Front 2

atomic mass unit (amu)

Back 2

a mass exactly equal to one twelfth the mass of one carbon 12 atom

Front 3

molecular mass

Back 3

the sum of the atomic masses (in amu) of the elements in the molecule

Front 4

Mole

Back 4

the amount of substance that contains as many elementary entities (atoms, molecules, or other particles) as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon 12

Front 5

Molar Mass (M)

Back 5

the mass (in g or kg) of 1 mol of elementary entities (atoms, molecules, ions, or formula units) of a substance

Front 6

mass spectrometer

Back 6

the most direct way of determining the masses of isotopes (& molecules)

Front 7

percent composition

Back 7

percent by mass of each element in a compound

Front 8

Chemical Reaction

Back 8

a process in which a substance (or substances) is changed into one or more new substances

Front 9

the law of conservation of mass

Back 9

atoms are not created or destroyed in ordinary chemical reactions

Front 10

Stoichiometry

Back 10

the quantitative study of the amounts of reactants & products in a chemical reaction

Front 11

Limiting Reagent

Back 11

the reactant used up first in a reaction

Front 12

Excess Reagents

Back 12

the reactants present in quantities greater than necessary to react with the quantity of the limiting reagent

Front 13

Theoretical Yield

Back 13

the amount of product formed if all the limiting reagent reacted to form product

Front 14

Actual Yield

Back 14

amount of product actually obtained from a reaction

Front 15

Percent Yield

Back 15

ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield

Front 16

Solution

Back 16

homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Front 17

Solute

Back 17

substance present in a smaller amount

Front 18

Solvent

Back 18

substance present in a larger amount

Front 19

Aqueous Solution

Back 19

liquid water is the solvent

Front 20

Electrolyte

Back 20

a substance that, when dissolved in water, results in a solution that can conduct electricity

Front 21

Nonelectrolyte

Back 21

a substance that, when dissolved in water, results in a solution that does not conduct electricity

Front 22

Strong Electrolyte

Back 22

solute is assumed to be completely dissociated (broken up) into ions in solution

Front 23

Weak Electrolyte

Back 23

solute is only partially dissociated into ions in solution

Front 24

Nonelectrolyte

Back 24

solute does not dissociate into ions in solution

Front 25

Solubility

Back 25

the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature

Front 26

Precipitation Reaction

Back 26

results in the formation of an insoluble product

Front 27

Precipitate

Back 27

insoluble solid that separates from the solution

Front 28

Metathesis Reactions

Back 28

involve the exchange of parts between two compounds

Front 29

Spectator Ions

Back 29

ions that are not involved in the overall reaction

Front 30

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO3, HClO4

Back 30

7 strong acids

Front 31

the alkali metal hydroxides and barium hydroxide, LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ba(OH)2

Back 31

6 strong bases

Front 32

neutralization reaction

Back 32

reaction between an acid and a base

Front 33

Salt

Back 33

ionic compound whose cation is not H+ and whose anion is not OH or O2

Front 34

Oxidation

Back 34

loss of electrons

Front 35

Reduction

Back 35

gain of electrons

Front 36

Reducing agent

Back 36

donates electrons and itself becomes oxidized

Front 37

Oxidizing agent

Back 37

accepts electrons and itself becomes reduced

Front 38

oxidation number (state)

Back 38

the number of charges the atom would have in a molecule (or ionic compound) if electrons were transferred completely

Front 39

Combination (synthesis)

Back 39

reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single product

Front 40

Decomposition

Back 40

breakdown of a compound into two or more components

Front 41

Combustion (burning)

Back 41

reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen, usually with the release of heat and light to produce a flame

Front 42

Displacement

Back 42

an ion (or atom) in a compound is replaced by an ion (or atom) of another element

Front 43

Disproportionation

Back 43

an element in one oxidation state is simultaneously oxidized and reduced

Front 44

concentration

Back 44

amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent or a given amount of solution

Front 45

Molarity (M)

Back 45

number of moles of solute per liter of solution

Front 46

quantitative analysis

Back 46

the determination of the amount or concentration of a substance in a sample

Front 47

titration

Back 47

a solution of accurately known concentration (standard solution) is added gradually to another solution of unknown concentration, until the chemical reaction between the two solutions is complete

Front 48

indicator

Back 48

a substance that has distinctly different colors in acidic and basic solutions

Front 49

equivalence point

Back 49

point at which the acid has completely reacted with (been neutralized by) the base