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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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spin quantum number
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(m sub s)
a number, either +1/2 or -1/2, that indicates the direction of electron spin |
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periodic law
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a law stating that when the elements are arranged by atomic number, they exhibit a periodic recurrance of properties
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electron configuration
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the distribution of electrons within the orbitals of the atoms of an element; also the notation for such a distribution
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ionic radius
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the size of an ion as measured by the distance between the centers of adjacent ions in a crystalline ionic compound
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diamagnetism
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the tendency of a species not to be attracted (or to be slightly repelled) by a magnetic field as a result of its electrons being paired
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paramagnetism
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the tendency of a species with unpaired electrons to be attracted by an external magnetic field
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pseudo-noble gas configuration
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the (n-1)d^10 configuration of a p-block metal atom that has emptied its outer energy level
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isoelectronic
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having the same number and configuration of electrons of another species
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amphoteric
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able to act as either an acid or base
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electron affinity
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(EA)
the energy charge (in kJ) accompanying the addition of one mole of electrons to one mole of gaseous atoms or ions |
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ionization energy
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(IE)
the energy (in kJ) required to remove completly one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms or ions |
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covalent radius
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one-half the distance between nuclei of identical covalently bonded atoms
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metallic radius
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one-half the distance between the nuclei of adjacent individual atoms in a crystal of an element
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atomic size
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a term referring to the atomic radius, one-half the distance between nuclei of identical bonded elements
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actiniedes
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the period 7 elements that constitute the second inner transition series (5f-block), which includes thorium (Th, Z=90) through lawrencium (Lr; Z=103)
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lanthanides
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the period 6 (4f) series of inner transition elements, which includes cerium (Ce; Z=58) through lutetium (Lu; Z=71)
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outer electrons
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electrons that occupy the highest energy level (highest n value) and are, on average, farthest away from the nucleus
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valence electrons
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the electrons involved in compound formation; in main-group elements, the elections in the valence (outer) level
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orbital diagram
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a depiction of electron number and spin in an atom's orbitals by means of arrows in a series of small boxes, lines or circles
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penetration
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the process by which an outer electron moves through the region occupied by the core electrons to spend part of its time closer to the nucleus. penetration increases the average effective nuclear charge for that electron
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exclusion principle
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a principle developed by Wolfgang Pauli stating that no two electrons in an atoms can have the same wet of four quantum numbers. the principle arisis from the fact that an orbital has a maximum occupancy of two electrons and their spins are paired
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inner (core) electrons
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electrons that fill all the energy levels of an atom except the valence level; electrons also present in atoms of the previous noble gas and any completed transition series
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transition elements
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an element that occupies the d block of the periodic table; one whose d orbitals are being filled
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inner transition elements
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the elements of the periodic table in which f orbitals are being filled; the lanthanides and actinides
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Hund's rule
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a principle stating that when orbitlas of equal energy are available, the electron configuration of lowest energy has the maximum number of unpaired electrons with parallel spins
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Aufbau principle
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(building-up principle)
a conceptual basis of a process of building up atoms by adding one proton (and one or more neutrons) at a time to the nucleus and one electron around it to obtain the ground-state electron configuration of the elements |
