Chemistry - Chapter 6 Vocab

Front 1

standard heat of formation

Back 1

the enthalply change for the formation equation when all substances are in their standard states

Front 2

heat of reaction

Back 2

the enthalpy change of a reaction

Front 3

change in enthalpy

Back 3

the change in internal energy plus the product of the constant pressure and the change in volume

Front 4

fossil fuel

Back 4

any fuel, including coal, petroleum, and natural gas, derived from the products of the decay of dead organisms

Front 5

pressure-volume work

Back 5

a type of work in which a volume change occurs against an external pressure

Front 6

formation equation

Back 6

an equation in which 1 mole of a compound forms from its elements

Front 7

standard heat of reaction

Back 7

the enthalpy change that occurs during a reaction, with all substances in their standard states

Front 8

standard states

Back 8

a set of specifications used to compare thermodynamic data

Front 9

Hess's law of heat summation

Back 9

a law stating that the enthalpy change of an overall process is the sum of the enthalpy changes of the individual steps of the process

Front 10

thermochemical equation

Back 10

a chemical equation that shows the heat of reaction for the amounts of substances specified

Front 11

calorimeter

Back 11

a device used to measure the heat released or absorbed by a physical or chemical process taking place within it

Front 12

heat

Back 12

the energy transferred between objects because of differences in their temperatures only; thermal energy

Front 13

surroundings

Back 13

all parts of the univers other than the system being considered

Front 14

system

Back 14

the defined part of the universe under study

Front 15

thermochemistry

Back 15

the branch of thermodynamics that focuses on the heat involved in chemical reactions

Front 16

thermodynamics

Back 16

the study of heat (thermal energy) and and its interconversions

Front 17

molar heat capacity

Back 17

the quantity of heat required to change the temperature of 1 mole of a substance by 1 K

Front 18

specific heat capacity

Back 18

the quantity of heat required to change the temperature of 1 gram of substance by 1 K

Front 19

heat capacity

Back 19

the quantity of heat required to change the temperature of an object by 1 K

Front 20

endothermic process

Back 20

one occurring with an absorption of heat from the surroundings and therefore an increase in the enthalpy of the system

Front 21

enthalpy diagram

Back 21

a graphic depiction of the enthalpy change of a system

Front 22

enthalpy

Back 22

a thermodynamic quantity that is the sum of the internal energy plus the product of the pressure and volume

Front 23

state function

Back 23

a property of a system determined by its current state, regardless of how it arrived at that state

Front 24

exothermic process

Back 24

one occuring with a release of heat to the surroundings and therefore a decrease in the enthalpy of the system

Front 25

calorie

Back 25

a unit of energy defined as exactly 4.184 joules; originally defined as the heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram water 1 degree celsius

Front 26

joule

Back 26

the SI unit of energy

Front 27

law of conservation of energy

first law of thermodynamics

Back 27

a basic observation that the total energy of the universe is constant

Front 28

work

Back 28

the energy transferred when an object is moved by force

Front 29

internal energy

Back 29

the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all the particles in a system