Chemistry - Chapter 4 Vocab

Front 1

polar molecule

Back 1

a molecule with an unequal distribution of charge as a result of its polar covalent bonds and shape

Front 2

solvated

Back 2

surrounded closely by solvent molecules

Front 3

electrolyte

Back 3

a substance that conducts a current when it dissolves in water

Front 4

nonelectrolyte

Back 4

a substance whose aqueous solution does not conduct an electric current

Front 5

molecular equation

Back 5

a chemical equation showing a reaction in solution in which reactants and products appear intact, undissociated compounds

Front 6

total ionic equation

Back 6

a chemical equation for an aqueous reaction that shows all the soluble ionic substances dissociated into ions

Front 7

spectator ion

Back 7

an ion that is present as part of a reactant but is not involved in the chemical change

Front 8

net ionic equation

Back 8

a chemcial equation of a reaction in solution in which spectator ions have been eliminated to show the actual chemical change

Front 9

precipitation reaction

Back 9

a reaction in which two soluble ionic compounds form an insoluble product, a precipitate

Front 10

precipitate

Back 10

the insoluble product of a precipitate reaction

Front 11

metathesis reaction

Back 11

(double-displacement reaction)

a reaction in which atoms or ions of two compounds exhange bonding partners

Front 12

acid-base reaction

Back 12

any reaction between an acid and a base

Front 13

neutralization reaction

Back 13

an acid-base reaction yields water and a solution of salt; when a strong acid reacts with a stoichiometrically equivalent amount of strong base, the solution is neutral

Front 14

acid

Back 14

any species that produces H+ ions when dissolved in water

Front 15

base

Back 15

any species that produces OH- ions when dissolved in water

Front 16

salt

Back 16

an ionic compound that results from an Arrhenius acid-base reaction

Front 17

titration

Back 17

a method of determining the concentration of a solution by monitoring its reaction with a solution of known concentration

Front 18

equivalence point

Back 18

the point in a titration when when the number of moles of the added species is stoichiometrically equivalent to the original number of moles of the other species

Front 19

end point

Back 19

the point in a titration at which the indicator changes color

Front 20

oxidation-reduction reaction

Back 20

(redox reaction)

a process in which there is a net movement of electrons from one reactant (reducing agent) to another (oxidizing agent)

Front 21

oxidation

Back 21

the loss of electrons by a species, accompanied by an increase in oxidation number

Front 22

reduction

Back 22

the gain of electrons by a species, accompanied by a decrease in oxidation number

Front 23

oxidizing agent

Back 23

the substance that accepts electrons in a redox reaction and undergoes a decrease in oxidation number

Front 24

reducing agent

Back 24

the substance that donates electrons in a redox reaction and undergoes an increase in oxidation number

Front 25

oxidation number

Back 25

a number equal to the magnitude of the charge an atom would have if its shared electrons were held completly by the atom that attracts them more strongly

Front 26

activity series of the metals

Back 26

a listing of metals arranged in order of their decreasing strength as reducing agents in aqueous reactions