Chemistry Chapter 4

Front 1

Solution

Back 1

a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Front 2

Solute

Back 2

the substance that is being dissolved and is present in the smallest amouunt

Front 3

Solvent

Back 3

the substance that does the dissolving and is present in the largest amount

Front 4

Electrolyte

Back 4

a substance that forms ions when dissolved in a solution and is capable of conducting electricity

Front 5

Nonelectrolyte

Back 5

a substance that does not form ions in the solution and is not capable of conducting electricity

Front 6

Aqueous Solutions

Back 6

(aq) a solution in which water (H2O) is the solvent

Front 7

Dissociates

Back 7

Ionic solid breaks into ionic compounds when dissolved in water

Front 8

Solvation

Back 8

when water forms a shell around ions preventing cations and anions from forming

Front 9

Strong Electrolutes

Back 9

solutes that exist in solutions completely or nearly completely as ions

Front 10

Weak Electrolytes

Back 10

solutes that exist mostly as molecules in water with only a small fraction of ions

Front 11

Precipitation Reactions

Back 11

a reaction in which an insoluble product is formed

Front 12

Precipitate

Back 12

a insoluble product that is formed by a reaction in solution

Front 13

Solubility

Back 13

amount of substance that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a particular temperature

Front 14

Metathesis Reactions

Back 14

reaction in which the positive ions and negative ions appear to exchange partners

Front 15

Molecular Equation

Back 15

lists all species in molecular form

Front 16

Complete Ionic Equation

Back 16

lists all strong, soluble electrolytes int he reaction as ions

Front 17

Net Ionic Equation

Back 17

lists only the unique ions on both sides of the reaction

Front 18

Spectator Ions

Back 18

ions that are present in the solution but not involved in chemical reaction therefore these ions are not included in the net ionic equation

Front 19

Acids

Back 19

substances that are able to ionize in aqueous solutions to form H+

Front 20

Bases

Back 20

substances that usually produce OH- when they dissolve in water

Front 21

Neutralization Reaction

Back 21

occurs when an acid and a base react; the products of a neutralization reaction are normally a salt and water

Front 22

Salt

Back 22

ionic compound whose cation ocmes from a base nd anion from acid

Front 23

Oxidation-Reduction (Redox)

Back 23

involves the transfer of electrons between reactants

Front 24

Oxidation numbers

Back 24

form of bookkeeping; to help us keep tack of electrons

Front 25

LEO says GER

Back 25

lose electron oxidized; gain electron reduce

Front 26

Activity Series

Back 26

lists metals in decreasing ease of oxidation

Front 27

Concentration

Back 27

amount of solute dissolved in a give quantity of solvent or a give quantity of solute; the greater the amount of solute, the more concentrated the solution

Front 28

Molarity (M)

Back 28

expresses concentration as a number of moles of solute in liters of solution

Front 29

Titrations

Back 29

combines a sample of the solution with a reagent solution of known concentration to determine solutions of unknown concentration

Front 30

Equivalence point

Back 30

point at which you have stoichiometric equivalent quantities