Chemistry Chapter 10 Flashcards

Front 1

Aristotle thought..

Back 1

That there were 4 main elements. Fire, Water, Air, and Earth.

Front 2

Jons Jakob Berzelius

Back 2

Use one and two letter symbols to represent all the elements.

Front 3

Electrons

Back 3

Negatively charged particles in an atom

Front 4

Nucleus

Back 4

The central core of an atom

Front 5

Protons

Back 5

Positively charged particles in an atom

Front 6

Neutrons

Back 6

Neutral particles in atoms

Front 7

Atomic Number

Back 7

Z, The number of protons in an atom

Front 8

Neutron Number

Back 8

Number of neutrons in an atom

Front 9

Mass number

Back 9

A, the number of protons plus neutrons in an atom

Front 10

N = A-Z

Back 10

Formula for number of neutrons in an atom

Front 11

Isotopes

Back 11

Forms of atoms having the same # of protons but differing # of neutrons

Front 12

Atomic Mass

Back 12

the weighted average mass of atoms of an element in a natrually occuring sample

Front 13

Strong Nuclear Force

Back 13

Fundamental force that holds the nucleus together

Front 14

Radioactivity

Back 14

Spontaneous process of nuclei changing by emitting particles or rays

Front 15

Alpha Decay

Back 15

Disintegration of a nucleus with the emission of a helium nucleus

Front 16

Beta Decay

Back 16

Radioactive decay in which electrons are emitted

Front 17

Gamma Decay

Back 17

Event in which nucleus in which nucleus emits a gamma ray and becomes less energetic from of the same nucleus

Front 18

Half-Life

Back 18

The time it takes for the decay of half the atoms in a sample use to date organic objects

Front 19

Carbon-14 dating

Back 19

Used to date organic objects

Front 20

Fission

Back 20

Process in which onea large nucleus splits and emits neutrons

Front 21

Chain Reaction

Back 21

process in which one initial reaction triggers a growing number of subsequent reactions

Front 22

Fusion

Back 22

Process in which smaller nuclei combine to form larger ones

Front 23

Critical Mass

Back 23

The minimum amount of fissionable material needed to sustain a chain reaction

Front 24

E=mc2

Back 24

Einstein's formula for the conversion of mass to energy

Front 25

Geiger Counter

Back 25

instrument to measure radioactive decay

Front 26

A >> B+b

Back 26

equation for radioactive decay

Front 27

a+A>>B+b

Back 27

equation for nuclear reaction