Chemistry Chapter 1 Notes 1: Introduction To Matter And Measurement

Front 1

Matter

Back 1

anything that takes up space and has mass

Front 2

Chemistry

Back 2

a science that studies the composition and properties of matter, and the changes that matter undergoes.

Front 3

Atoms

Back 3

the smallest distinctive units in a sample of matter

Front 4

Molecules

Back 4

larger units in which two or more atoms are joined together

Front 5

Gas (Vapor)

Back 5

matter that has no fixed volume or shape (conforms to the container)- can be compressed to fit a much smaller volume- can expand to fill larger volume. The particles of a gas are FAR apart and moving at high speeds- colliding with each other- and walls of container

Front 6

Liquid

Back 6

matter that has a distinct volume independent of its container but has NO specific shape- will assume the shape of the container and cannot be compressed appreciably. particles are not as far apart as in gas phase- still move rapidly- allowing them to slide, glide, and rotate past and over each other- will "pour"

Front 7

Solid

Back 7

matter that is rigid and cannot be compressed to an appreciable extent- the atoms and molecules are held tightly together, usually in definite arrangements- in which the molecules can wiggle and vibrate only slightly in otherwise fixed positions.

Front 8

Kinetic Energy

Back 8

the energy associated with an object by virtue of its motion. An object of mass m and speed or velocity v has a kinetic energy Ek equal to: Ek= (1/2) mv^2

Front 9

Intramolecular Forces

Back 9

forces within a molecule- electrostatic attractions that produce chemical bonds between atoms (ionic and covalent)

Front 10

Intermolecular Forces

Back 10

electrostatic attractions between molecules