Chemistry Chapter 1

Front 1

chemistry

Back 1

study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that occur

Front 2

mass

Back 2

a measure of the amount of matter

Front 3

matter

Back 3

anything that has mass and takes up space

Front 4

atom

Back 4

smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element

Front 5

element

Back 5

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom

Front 6

compound

Back 6

a substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances;
made up of atoms from two or more elements that are chemically bonded

Front 7

extensive properties

Back 7

properties that depend on the amount of matter that is present;
volume, mass, amount of energy

Front 8

intensive properties

Back 8

properties that do not depend on the amount of matter present;
melting point, boiling point, density, etc.

Front 9

physical property

Back 9

a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance;
melting point, boiling point

Front 10

physical change

Back 10

a change in substance that does not involve a change in identity of the substance;
grinding, cutting, melting, boiling

Front 11

change of state

Back 11

a physical change of a substance from one state to another;
solid, liquid, gas

Front 12

solid

Back 12

matter with definite volume and definite shape;
particles are packed tightly together

Front 13

liquid

Back 13

matter with a definite volume but indefinite shape;
assumes the shape of the container;
its particles are close together but can move past eachother

Front 14

gas

Back 14

matter that has neither definite volume nor definite shape;
expands to fill any size container;
particles far apart and move rapidly

Front 15

plasma

Back 15

a high-temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons

Front 16

chemical property

Back 16

a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances

Front 17

chemical change / chemical reaction

Back 17

a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances

Front 18

reactants

Back 18

substances that react in a chemical change

Front 19

products

Back 19

substances that are formed by the chemical change

Front 20

mixture

Back 20

a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties

Front 21

homogeneous / solution

Back 21

a mixture that is uniform in composition

Front 22

heterogeneous

Back 22

mixture that is not uniform throughout

Front 23

pure substance

Back 23

all samples of this have the same characteristic physical and chemical properties, and exactly the same composition

Front 24

groups / families

Back 24

vertical columns of the periodic table

Front 25

periods

Back 25

horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table

Front 26

metal

Back 26

an element that is a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor

Front 27

malleability

Back 27

can be hammered into thin sheets

Front 28

ductile

Back 28

can be drawn into a fine wire

Front 29

nonmetal

Back 29

an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity

Front 30

metalloid

Back 30

an element that has some characteristics of metals and some of nonmetals;
solids at room temperature, less malleable than metals, and semiconductors of electricity