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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Science
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asking questions
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3 types of science
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life, earth, and physical science
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physical science is ___
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the study of matter and energy
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matter
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anything that has mass and takes up space
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energy
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ability to do work
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Chemistry is a ____ science
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physical
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Chemistry
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study of composition, structure, and properties of matter, and the changes it undergoes
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Branches of chemistry (6)
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organic, inorganic, physical,analytical, biochemical, theoretical
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chemical
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any substance that has a definite composition
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types of research
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basic and applied
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basic research
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just for the gain of knowledge
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Applied research
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research carried out to solve a problem
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Tech development
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products to improve the quality of life..(ergonomics)
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Scientific method
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gerneral guidelines for gathering info
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Steps of scientific method
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observation, hypothesis, experiment, analyze data, draw conclusions, communicate results, make a scientific claim
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scientific claim
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law or theory
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observation
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using senses to gather info
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hypothesis
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testable question, prediction of what you think will happen
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experiment
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testing hypothesis, more observations
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analyze results
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analyze statistically
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draw conclusions
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what do results say, scientific journal
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make a scientific claim
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lots of evidence
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controlled experiment
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only one change/variable
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control
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standard for comparison, to relate results to
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independent variables
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the one manipulated by the person experimenting
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dependent variable
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changes due to experiment
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Experiment must be_____
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reproducible
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theory
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based on observations experiment results
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law
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rule of nature that sums up related observations and experiments, results to describe a pattern in nature.
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pure water is always ___% hydrogen and _____% oxygen by mass
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11.2%, 88.8%
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Lanthanide/Anthanide Series
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2 sets of elements below periodic table to save space
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Malleable
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hammered into thin sheets
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ductile
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drawn into wire
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conductible
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conducts heat and electricity
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tensil strength
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resists breaking when pulled
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system
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specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment of observation
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mass
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measure of amount of matter
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matter
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anything that has mass and takes up space
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atom
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smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
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element
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pure substance made of only one kind of atom
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compound
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substance made from that atoms of 2 or more elements that are chemically bonded
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extensive properties
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depend on the amount of matter that is present
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intensive properties
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do not depend on the amount of matter that is present
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physical property
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characteristic that can be observed or measured w/o changing the identity of the substance
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physical change
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change in substance that doesn't involve a change in teh identity of the substance
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change of state
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physical change of substance from one state to another
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solid
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matter in a solid state has definite volue and definite shape
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states of matter
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solid, liquid, gas, plasma
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liquid
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matter that has a definite volume but indefinite shape
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gas
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matter has no definite shape or volume
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plasma
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high temp physical state of matter in which atoms lose their electrons
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chemical property
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relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform into different substances
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chemical change
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change in which one or more substances are converted into a different substance
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chemical reaction
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reaction in which one or more substances are converted into a different substance.
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reactants
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substance that react in chemical reaction
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2 parts of chemical reaction
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reactant, product
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products
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substances that are formed by chemical change
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mixture
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blend of 2 or more kinds of matter, each of which retains it's own identity and properties
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homogeneous
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mixtures uniform in composition
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soltuions
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homogeneous mixtures
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heterogeneous
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mixtures that aren't uniform throughout
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pure substance
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substanct that a fixed composition and differs from a mixture in that every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same characteristic properties and composition
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Groups/Families
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vertical columns of periodic table
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periods
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horizontal rows of elements of Periodic Table
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metal
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an element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity
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nonmetal
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an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity
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metalloid
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element with some characteristics of metals and some of nonmetals
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volume`
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the amount of 3D space an object occupies.
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examples of extensive properties
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volume, mass, amount of energy
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examples of intensive properties
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melting pt., boiling pt., density, weight, ability to conduct electricity and heat
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examples of physical properties
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color, shabe, brittleness, texture, length, mass, volume, temp, odor, magnetism, melting/boiling pt
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examples of physical changes
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painting, melting, grinding, freezing, cutting, evaporating, breaking, boiling, condensing
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solid to liquid
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melting
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liquid to solid
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freezing
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liquid to gas at boiling pt
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vaporization
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liquid to gas at temp below boiling pt
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evaporation
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solid to gas (directly)
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sublimation
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gas to liquid
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concensation
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all state changes are ______!
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physical
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examples of chemical property
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electron arrangement, flammable, combustible, react with light (iodine)
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examples of chemical change
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rusting, tarnishing, combustion, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, foaming of antiacid, acid rain on limestone
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law of conservation of mass
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during chem reaction mass is neither created or destroyed; mass is equal before and after
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law of conservation of energy
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change form but can't be created or destroyed; total energy is equal before and after
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example of law of conservation of mass
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burning log: mass of ashes and gases equal the log
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example of conservation of energy
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sun/photosynthesis, light energy to chemical energy.
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for every type of change ______is ALWAYS involved
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energy
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classification of matter
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composition
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substances
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can't be reduced to more basic compound by physical means
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matter is either an _______ or _____
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element or compound
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examples of elements
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aluminum, gold
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examples of compound
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NaCl(salt), H2O(water), C6H12O6(sugar)
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Example of mixture
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kool-aid, salt water, trail mix, salt and pepper, cinnamon and sugar
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example of homogenous
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air, brass (Copper/Zinc), coffee
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heterogeneous
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italian dressing, fog, chex mix
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alloy
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2 metals combined
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the study of matter best describes the science of
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chemistry
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chemistry is a ____ science
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physical
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technology is the
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application of scientific knowledge to solve problems
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an example of technology is the
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use of a new antibiotic to fight an infection
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T/F: Applied research is the study of how and why a specific reaction occurs
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false.
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T/F: Basic research is carried out to solve a specific problem
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False. that is applied research
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matter includes all of the following except:
a. air b.light c.smoke d.water vapor |
b. light
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physical property may be investigated by
a. melting ice b. letting milk sour c.allowing silver to tarnish d.burning wood |
a. melting ice
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chemical properties include...
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changes that alter the identity of a substance
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two features that distinguish matter are ...
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mass and volume
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one chemical property of matter is:
a. boiling pt b.texture c.reactivity d.density |
reactivity
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example of physical property is:
a. mass b. density. c. color d. boiling pt |
a mass
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which of the following is an intensive phys property?
volume length color mas |
color
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chemical change occurs when:
ehtanol purified w/ distillation salt deposites from evap sea water leaf changes color |
leaf changes color
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melting of candle wax is physical change because
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it produces no new substance
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particals in a solid are packed ______ and are
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tightly, constantly in motion
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state of matter which a material is most likely to resist compression is
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solid
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state of matter definite shape and def volume
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solid
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state of matter no def shape no def volume
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gaseous state
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state of matter in which particls are rigidly held in fixed postion
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solid
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substances classified as fluid contains particles that...
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may slide past each other
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state of matter material has def volume no def shape
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liquid
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ordinarily particles of gas are
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very far apart
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list of pure substances include:
bread dough vinegar vitamin c sea water |
vitamin c
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substances that are chemically bound together are
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the elements that compose water
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