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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Valence elements
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Electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element's atoms
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Electron dot structures
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Diagrams that show valence electrons as dots
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Octet rule
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Atoms react by gaining or losing electrons so as to acquire the stable electron structure of a noble gas, usually eight valence electrons
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Halide ions
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A negative ion formed when a halogen atom gains an electron
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Ionic compounds
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A compound composed of positive and negative ions
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Ionic bonds
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The electrostatic attraction that binds oppositely charged ions together
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Chemical formual
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An expressionthat indicates the number and types of atoms present in the smallest representative unit of a substance
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Formual unit
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the lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound; in magnesium chloride, the ratio of magnesium ions to chloride ions is 1:2 and the formual unitis MgCl2
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Coordination number
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The number of ions of opposite charge that surround each ion in a crystal
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Metallic bonds
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The force of attraction that holds metals together; it consists of the attraction of free-floating valence electrons for positively charged metal ions
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Alloys
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A mixture composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal
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How do you find the number of valence electrons in an atom of a representative element?
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To find the number of valence electrons in an atom of a representative element simply look at its group number
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Atoms of which elements tend to gain electrons? Atoms of which elements tend to lose electrons?
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Atoms of metals tend to lose their valence electrons, leaving a complete octet in the next lowest energy level. Atoms of some nonmetals tend to gain electrons or to share electrons with another nonmetal to achieve a complete octet
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How are cations formed?
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An atoms loss of valence electrons produces a cation, or a positively charged ion
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How are anions formed?
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The gain of negatively charged electrons by a neutral atom produces an anion
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What is the electrical charge of an ionic compound?
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Although they are composed of ions, ionic compound are electrically neutral
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What are three properties of ionic compounds?
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Most ionic are crystalline solids at room temperature. Ionic compounds generally have high melting points. Ionic compounds can conduct an electric current when melted or dissovled in water
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How can you model the valence electrons of metal atoms?
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The valence electron of metal atoms can be model as a sea of electrons
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How are metal atoms arranged?
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Metal atoms are arranged in very compact and orderly patterns
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Why are alloys important?
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Alloys are important because of thier properties are often superior to those of theier component elements
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