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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
matter
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anything that has mass and takes up space |
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substance |
matter with uniform and definite composition(AKA pure substance) |
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states of matter |
the 3 physical forms of matter(solid, liquid, and solid) |
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physical properties |
characteristics that can be observed and measured without changing the sample's composition (Ex: density, color, melting point, odor, hardness) |
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chemical properties |
the ability(or inability) of a substance to combine with or change into one or more substances (Ex: Fe to rust, respiration, combustion) |
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properties and states of matter |
states may vary depending upon the conditions under which they are observed |
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water and density |
ice is less dense than liquid water |
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physical changes |
a change which alters a substance without changing its composition (Ex: cutting, breaking, dissolving, and phase change) |
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phase change |
transition of matter from one state to another |
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chemical change |
the process of one or more substances changing into new substances |
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words that indicate a chemical change |
decompose, burn, cooking, oxidize, rot, corrode, tarnish, rust, ferment, and explode |
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evidence of a chemical change/reaction |
odor, change in temperature, gas/bubbles, precipitate(formation of a solid), and color change |
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Law of Conservation of Mass |
mass is conservved in a chemical reaction; products have the same mass as reactants |
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Lavosier |
-known as the father of modern chemistry -analytical balance -O2- not phlogisten -scientific approach -conservation of mass |
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Law of Conservation of Mass equation |
MASSreactants=MASSproducts |
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mixture |
a combination of two or more pure substances(can be made with different combinations of solids, liquids, and gasses) |
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2 types of mixtures |
1) heterogeneous 2) homogeneous |
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heterogeneous mixture |
not the same throughout, individual substances remain distinct (Ex: salad dressing, snack mix and juice with pulp) |
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phase |
distinguishable parts ++different than phase change++ |
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homogeneous mixture |
the same throughout, single phase (AKA solutions) (Ex: tea, lemonade, and alloy) |
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alloy |
mixture of metals of metal and non-metal (Ex: steel=Fe & , bronze=Cu & Sn, sterling silver/14-karat gold, and pewter(similar to bronze) |
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separating mixtures |
based on difference in physical properties of the combined substances |
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5 ways to separate mixtures |
1) filtration 2) distillation 3) crystallization 4) sublimation 5) chromatography |
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filtration |
a technique which uese a porus barrier to separate a solid from a liquid |
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distilation |
a separation technique that is based on the differences in the boiling points of the mixed substances |
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crystallization |
a separation technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance |
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sublimation |
the process during which a solid changes o a vapor without going through the liquid phase |
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chromatography |
a technigue that separates the compounds of a mixture(AKA-mobile phase), based on the ability of each component to be drawn across the surface of another material(AKA-stationary phase) |
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element |
a pure substance that can not be separated into a simpler substance by a chemical or physical means Ex: Ca, Na, and H |
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Periodic Table of Elements |
organizes the elemnets into a grid of horizontal rows(periods) and vertical column(groups or families) |
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compounds |
two or more elements combined chemically Ex:NaCl (2 atoms) and H20 (3 atoms) |
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properties of compounds |
1) can be broken down by chemical means -this requires an external energy source such as heat or electricity 2) the chemical and physical characteristics of this are very different from its constitute parts |
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What two categories are matter separated into? |
mixtures and substances |
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What two categories are substances separated into?
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compunds and elements |
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Law of Definite Proprtions |
a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportions by mass, no matter how large or small the sample |
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percent by mass |
the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compund expressed as a percentage |
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Equation for percent by mass |
mass of the element ----------------------------- X 100 mass of the compound |
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Law of Multiple Proportions |
when different compunds are formed by combinations of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of the other element |