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46 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What do tectonic plates float on?

The Mantle.

How can we tell a rock has formed underwater?

By looking at the fossils.


By looking at the shape of the grains- will contain water-borne grains

What kind of rock is Limestone?

Sedimentary

What is Erosion?

The natural weathering of large pieces of rock by the rain and wind, which creates tiny particles of sediment that are washed away and end up at the bottom of sea or lake.

What is Coal

A type of sedimentary rock.


Black in colour


Consists mainly of cabon.

Salt is left behind by...

Evapouration

What is rock salt?

A mixture of salt and impurities and is found in underground deposits.

How can rock salt be extracted?

By normal mining or solution mining

Tectonic plates move due to..

convection currents in the mantle

When does coal form?

peat is buried under layers of sediment

Near the Earth's poles, magnetisation of rocks happens at which angle?

At an angle to the horizontal

Where are Tectonic plates situated?

on the crust and upper mantle of the Earth

How can salt be obtained?

from the sea or from underground salt deposits

Common salt we use is called?

Sodium chloride

What is the formula of Sodium chloride?

NaCl

Was is the major negative environmental impact of salt mining?

subsidence

How is salt for use in the chemical industry in Britain obtained?

Salt is obtained by solution mining.


What information can tell us about the size of a risk?

Data

What is the benefit of having salt in our diet?

Helps the body carry out essential functions

What is the risk of using salt?

May increase blood pressure

What is the difference between perceived and real risk?

Perceived risk is people's opinion, real risk is statistically calculated

What are the uses of salt in food production?

Enhance the flavor


Used as a preservative.

What is a alkili?

a compound that dissolves to give a solution with a pH higher than 7

acid + alkali → ??? + ???

salt + water

uses of alkili

* Converting oils and fats into soap
* Making glass
* Neutralising acidic soils
* Making chemicals that bind natural dyes to cloth.

Alkaline hydroxide + acid → salt + water



(state an example)

Sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid → sodium chloride + water

When an alkaline carbonate reacts with an acid, salt and water and ??? are formed

Carbon dioxide

The Leblanc Process?

The old industrial process to make chlorine.

issues surrounding the Leblanc Process?

The process was polluting. It released huge volumes of an acid gas (hydrogen chloride) into the air that wrecked the surrounding land. It also produced large amounts of solid waste that slowly released the toxic gas hydrogen sulfide.

What is needed to break the forces between particles in a solid?

energy

A solid has a high melting point if the forces between its particles are...

Large

Increasing the chain length of a polymer makes it...

less flexible.

To make a polymer softer and more flexible we can add...

plasticiser

Cross linking the chains makes a polymer..

Harder

Increasing the crystallinity of a polymer increases the...

melting point

Name the uses of chlorine in the Chemical industry

*disinfectants


*killing bacteria


*plastics (PVC)


*Insecticides


Name the uses of hydrogen in the Chemical industry

*Used to make ammonia


*Used to change oils into fats


*Used as a fuel


*For welding & metal cutting

Sodium hydroxide

*Soap


*ceramics


*organic chemicals


*paper pulp


*oven cleaner


*household bleach

Advantages of Chlorine in water

*kills disease causing microorganisms


*prevents growth of algae


*gets rid of bad tastes and smells

Disadvantages of Chlorine in water

*Harmful if breathed in


*liquid chlorine on skin or eyes causes severe chemical burns



4 stages in life cycle assessment

*choice of material


*manufacture


*product disposal


*using the product

Environmental impact of electrolysis

*needs a lot of energy


*mercury toxic and used in many brine electrolysis plants


*Asbestos often used, toxic chemical that can cause lung cancer

Why are persistant organic pollutants (POPs) so dangerous?

because they take a long time to break down and harm animals.

What is PVC made up of?

carbon, hydrogen and chlorine

Why are plasticisers added to PVC?

to make it soft and flexible

Why do some people think phthalates should be banned?

may cause health problems such as cancer