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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Can be observed without changing the composition of the material (color, size, shape, transparency, density, hardness, texture, melting point, boiling point, ect.)
Do not produce a new material |
Physical (Property of Matter)
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Can only be observed by changing the composition of the material (iron rust, hydrogen explodes in oxygen to form water, zinc reacts with acids to produce hydrogen gas)
Do produce a new material |
Chemical (Property of Matter)
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One that has a uniform composition throughout and always has a single phase; also called a solution
--clear |
Homogenous Mixture
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one that does not have a uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct
not clear ( has particles) |
Heterogeneous Mixture
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~ Length- meter- m
~ Mass- kilogram- kg ~ Time- Second- s ~ Thermodynamic Temp. ~ Kelvin- K ~ Amount of Substance- mole- mol ~ Luminous Intensity- Candela- cd |
SI Units- Fundamental Units
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|error| /accepted value x 100
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Percent error
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was the first person to propose the idea that matter was not infinitely divisible, but made up of individual particles called atomos
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Democritus
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revived the idea of the atom in the early 1800s based on numerous chemical reactions
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Dalton
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conservation of mass in a reaction as the result of the combination, separation, or rearrangement of atoms
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Daltons Atomic Theory
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measured the effects of both magnetic and electric fields on the cathode ray to determine the change- to- mass ratio of charged particles, then compare it to known values
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Thomson
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Received the Nobel prize in 1906 for identifying the first subatomic particle- the electron
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Thompson
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Studied how positively charged alpha particles interacted with solid matter
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Rutherford
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Used the oil-drop apparatus to determine the charge of an electron
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Millikan
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Received a Nobel prize in 1935 for discovering the existence of neutrons
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Chadwick
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A fundamental principle of classical physics that matter cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system
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Laws of Conservation of Matter
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radiation that originates from the cathode and travels to the anode of a cathode- ray tube
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Cathode Ray
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the primary factor in determining an atom’s stability is its ratio of neutrons and protons
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Nuclear Stability
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The radiation that was deflected toward the negatively charged
Two protons and two neutrons (2+) |
Alpha Radiation
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The radiation that was deflected toward the positively charged plate
Electron (1-) |
Beta Radiation
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High-energy radiation that possesses no mass
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Gamma Radiation
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the splitting of nuclei
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Fission
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the combining of nuclei
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Fusion
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is the minimum amount of energy that can be lost or gained by an atom
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Quantum
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the phenomenon in which electrons are emitted from a metal’s surface when light of a certain frequency shines on it
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Photoelectric Effect
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states that it is impossible to know both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time
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Heisenberg Uncertainly Principle
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originally applied to the hydrogen atom, it led to the quantum mechanical model of the atom
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Schrodinger wave equation
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the modern model of the atom that treats electrons as waves
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Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
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the lowest allowable energy state of an atom
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Photon
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A figure indicating the relative sizes and energies of atomic orbital
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Principal Quantum Number
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elements from group 1, 2, and 13-18 in the modern periodic table, possessing a wide range of chemical and physical properties
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Representative Elements
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the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom
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Ionization Energy
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indicates the relative ability of an element’s atoms to attract electrons in an chemical bond
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Electro Negativity
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proposed an explanation for atoms react with other to form certain kinds of ions and molecules- octet rule
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Gilbert Lewis
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both atoms share electrons- but not equally
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Polar Covalent
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both atoms share electrons- somewhat equally or equally
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Nonpolar Covalent
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