Chemistry

Front 1

compounds of C, H, and O that provide nutrients to the cells of living things. C6nH10+2O5n+1

Back 1

Carbohydrates

Front 2

types of carbohydrates

Back 2

monosaccharide, disacccharide, polysaccharide

Front 3

(n=1) simple sugar that is basic sub-unit of a carbohydrate

Back 3

monosaccharide...mono

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(n=2) sugar formed from 2 "monos"

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disaccharide...di

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polysaccharide..poly

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(n can be thousands) made up of long chain of simple sugars

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specific polysaccharides

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starch, glycogen, cellulose

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starch

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"poly" that plants use for storing energy

Front 8

glycogen

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"poly" energy-storing carbohydrate used by animal

Front 9

cellulose (paper)

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comes from wood fiber and is the most abundant organic compound on earth

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all proteins are made up of ____ ____

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amino acids

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amino acids are the "__________" of proteins

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building blocks

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_____ ____ that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid.

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peptide bond

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amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain

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primary structures

Front 14

coild and folds that are often held in place by hydrogen bonds

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secondary

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shaped like an accordian with hydrogen bonds that form between adjacent "poly" segments

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beta pleated sheet

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3 dimensional shape of a protein

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tertiary

Front 17

arises when different peptide chains have their own 3D structure and come together to form a larger protein

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quaternary

Front 18

calss of biological molecules that do not dissolve in water

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lipids

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3 major classes of lipids

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fats, oild, and waxes

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used for energy storage in animals

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fat

Front 21

cell membranes are made up of lipids call ________.

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phospholipids

Front 22

used for chemical signaling

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steroids (cholesterol)

Front 23

general term for fats and oils

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triglycerides

Front 24

process to add hydrogen atoms to unsaturates lipid molecules

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hydrogenation

Front 25

protein that catalyzes (speeds up) a chemical reaction without being permanently changes or destroyed

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enzymes

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in reactions that use an enzymes, the reactant is called the_______

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substrate

Front 27

to cause a protein to lose its tertiary and quarternary structures

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denature

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what causes an enzyme to denature

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-temperature
-pH
-salinity

Front 29

molecules that are essential for maintaining good health

Back 29

vitamins

Front 30

some vitamins act as _________

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enzyme helpers

Front 31

cell membranes are made up of lipids call ________.

Back 31

phospholipids

Front 32

used for chemical signaling

Back 32

steroids (cholesterol)

Front 33

general term for fats and oils

Back 33

triglycerides

Front 34

process to add hydrogen atoms to unsaturates lipid molecules

Back 34

hydrogenation

Front 35

protein that catalyzes (speeds up) a chemical reaction without being permanently changes or destroyed

Back 35

enzymes

Front 36

in reactions that use an enzymes, the reactant is called the_______

Back 36

substrate

Front 37

to cause a protein to lose its tertiary and quarternary structures

Back 37

denature

Front 38

what causes an enzyme to denature

Back 38

-temperature
-pH
-salinity

Front 39

molecules that are essential for maintaining good health

Back 39

vitamins

Front 40

some vitamins act as _________

Back 40

enzyme helpers