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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a Mass number ?
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The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
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What is a nuclear charge ?
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The charge on the nucleus of an atom, which is equal to the number of protons the nucleus contains.
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What is an Electron ?
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A negatively charges subatomic particle found in the "cloud" region of an atom.
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What is an Ion ?
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An atom, or a group of covalently bonded atoms, that has obtained charge by either gaining or losing one or more electrons.
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What is a negative Ion ?
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An atom that has gained one or more electrons.
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What is a positive Ion ?
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An atom that has lost one or more electrons.
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What is an Elemental notation ?
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A notation that summarizes informayion about an isotope.
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What are Elemental symbols ?
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One or more letters that represent a shorthand notation for an element.
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What is an Orbital ?
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A space that can be occupied by up to two electrons.
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What is a Valence electron ?
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An electron that is found in the outer energy level of an atom.
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What is Electron configuration ?
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A notation that shows information about the likely locations of the electrons in an atom.
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What does the term Kernel mean ?
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This term refers to the nucleus of an atom and all of the electrons other than those in the valence shell.
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What is Orbital notation ?
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A notation that displays information about the electrons of an atom and the orbits they occupy.
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What is Metal ?
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An element with relatively few valence electrons that tends to form a positive ion when forming an ion.
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What is Nonmetal ?
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An element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, which will tend to form a negative ion when forming an ion.
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What is a Metalloid ?
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An elemnt with some of the charateristics associated with metals and some associated with nonmetals. Also called semimetals.
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What is an Ionic bond ?
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A bond formed from the electrosraric attraction between ions with different charges.
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What is an Ionic compound ?
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Two or more elements held together by ionic bonds.
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What is a Molecular compound ?
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Two or more elements held together by covalent bonds.
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What is a Non-polar covalent bond ?
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A bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons relatively equally.
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What is a Polar covalent bond ?
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A Bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons, but one atom attracts the electrons more strongly, resulting in unequal sharing.
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What is an Intermolecular force ?
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A force between the individual molecules of a substance.
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What is a Polyatomic ion ?
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Two or more atoms covalently bonded together that obtain a net charge.
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What is an Organic compound ?
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A compound containing carbon.
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What is a Hydrocarbon ?
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A compound that contains hydrogen and oxygen.
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What is a Polar molecule ?
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A molecule with a positive and negative side, as a result of its bonds and geometry.
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What is a Non-polar molecule ?
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A molecule that either has symmetrical molecular geometry, or it only has non-polar covalent bonds or both.
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What is an Oxidation number ?
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A number indicating the charge, or the apparent charge of an atom.
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What is a Molecular formula ?
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A formula that represents the particles that make up a compound, as they actually exist.
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What is an Empirical formula ?
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A formula that shows the simplest whole number ratio for the elements that make up a compound.
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What is molecular mass ?
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The mass of one molecule of a substance.
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What is formula mass ?
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The mass of one formula unit of an ionic compound.
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What is a formula unit ?
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The simplest whole number ratio of cations to anions found in a compound.
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What is an Anion ?
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A negative ion.
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What is a Cation ?
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A positive ion.
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What is a Chemical equation ?
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A group of chemical formulas and numbers that can be used to represent a chemical reaction.
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What is a Synthesis reaction ?
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A chemical reaction in which two or more simpler substances form a more complex substance.
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What is a Decomposition reaction ?
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A chemical reaction in which a complex substance breaks up into two or more simpler substances.
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What is a Single replacement reaction ?
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A chemical reaction in which a freeelement replaces a similar element from a compound.
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What is a Precipitate ?
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A solid deposit that forms when a substance comes out of a solution.
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What is an Oxidizing agent ?
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The substance that appears to cause an oxidation to occur by accepting or appearing to accept electrons.
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What is Oxidation ?
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When a substance loses electrons, or appears to lose electrons, as its oxidation number appears to increase algebraically.
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What is Reduction ?
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When a substance gains electrons or appears to gain electrons, as its oxidation number is algebraically reduced.
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What is a Reducing agent ?
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The substance that appears to cause a reduction to occur, by donating electrons, or appears to donate electrons.
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What is a Redox reaction ?
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An oxidation-reduction reaction, where one substance is oxidized and another is reduced.
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