Chemistry 111 Chapter 2

Front 1

Atom

Back 1

The smallest form of a pure substance

Front 2

Electron

Back 2

Negatively charged particles

Front 3

Atom

Back 3

Smallest form of an element

Front 4

Atoms form bonds to make

Back 4

larger structures like molecules.

Front 5

Law of Conservation of Mass

Back 5

In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed

Front 6

Law of Conservation of Mass

Back 6

The total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products

Front 7

Law of Definite Proportions

Back 7

All samples of a given compound, regardless of their source or how they were prepared, have the same proportions

Front 8

Ratio (8:1)

Back 8

Holds true for pure water

Front 9

Law of Multiple Proportions

Back 9

The same elements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds. The ratio of the masses of B that reacted with a fixed mass of A is always a small whole number

Front 10

Law of Definite Proportions

Back 10

In the same compound, ratio of one element to another always the same

Front 11

Law of Multiple Proportions

Back 11

Different compounds composed of the same elements

Front 12

JJ Thomson experiment

Back 12

Cathode rays moved from cathode to anode every time, always in a straight line, until he put charged panels on each side of tube, and they went towards the positive plates

Front 13

JJ Thomson experiment

Back 13

Proved that electrons exist

Front 14

Millikan Oil Drop Experiment

Back 14

Showed how negative electrons were because they were suspended in the middle of the container, between negative and positively charged plate.

Front 15

Rutherford Experiment

Back 15

Fired alpha rays at gold foil, some bounced back, proving that atoms must contain a lot of empty space, and mass and positive charge must be concentrated.

Front 16

Rutherford Experiment

Back 16

Led to the Nuclear Theory of the Atom

Front 17

Protons

Back 17

+1 charge, in nucleus

Front 18

Neutrons

Back 18

0 charge, in nucleus

Front 19

Electrons

Back 19

-1 charge, in nucleus

Front 20

Element

Back 20

Something which cannot be broken down chemically into anything else.

Front 21

Orbital

Back 21

Regions of space around the nucleus of the atom where electrons can be found.

Front 22

Molecule

Back 22

The smallest particle of something that still has the properties of that thing.

Front 23

Atomic number

Back 23

The number of protons in an element

Front 24

Mass number

Back 24

The total number of protons and neutrons an atom contains

Front 25

Isotope

Back 25

Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Front 26

Atomic mass

Back 26

The mass of an atom

Front 27

Natural abundance

Back 27

The percentage of each type of isotope that exists in nature

Front 28

Mass on periodic table the

Back 28

weighted average of all the isotopes of that element

Front 29

Any natural sample of an element will have

Back 29

a distribution of isotopes according to natural abundance

Front 30

Ions

Back 30

Atoms with a different number of protons and electrons

Front 31

Positively charged ion

Back 31

Cation

Front 32

Negatively charged ion

Back 32

Anion

Front 33

Typically, ________ form cations

Back 33

Metals

Front 34

Typically, _____________ form anions

Back 34

Non-metals

Front 35

Periodic Law

Back 35

When the elements are arranged in a certain order of increasing mass, certain sets of properties occur periodically.

Front 36

Periodic table organized by

Back 36

increasing atomic number

Front 37

Periodic table organized into

Back 37

Columns and rows

Front 38

Elements in same column have

Back 38

similar chemical properties

Front 39

Property of a metal

Back 39

Malleable

Front 40

Property of a metal

Back 40

Ductile

Front 41

Columns called

Back 41

Groups (or families)

Front 42

Rows called

Back 42

Periods

Front 43

Group 1

Back 43

Alkali metals

Front 44

Alkali metals

Back 44

Highly reactive

Front 45

Group 2

Back 45

Alkaline earth metals

Front 46

Alkaline earth metals

Back 46

Reactive metals

Front 47

Group 17

Back 47

Halogens

Front 48

Halogens

Back 48

Very reactive non-metals

Front 49

Group 18

Back 49

Noble gases

Front 50

Noble gases

Back 50

Do not react

Front 51

Mole

Back 51

A specific number of something

Front 52

Avogadro's Number

Back 52

6.02 x 10^23