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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define 'Matter.' |
Anything that has mass and takes up space (Has volume). This doesn't include forms of energy. |
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What is a physical property? |
A property that describes a physical aspect of a substance, such as malleability, ductility or colour. |
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What is a 'chemical property?' |
A property that describes the ability of a substance to change into a new substance such as the ability to burn, reaction with air or water. |
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What is a 'pure substance?' |
Made up of only one type of matter. It can be an element or a compound. |
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Define 'element.' |
A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance. For example, iron, hydrogen or carbon. |
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Define 'compound.' |
A pure substance that is made from two or more elements combined together chemically. For example, methane is CH4. |
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Define a 'mixture.' |
A combination of pure substances. |
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Define 'homogeneous mixture.' |
A mixture of elements that looks the same throughout. The separate components are not easily visible. |
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Define a 'heterogeneous mixture.' |
A mixture where the separate components are visible separate from each other. |
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What is a 'bohr-Rutherford' diagram. |
A diagram that shows each layer of an atom. |
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What is a 'period?' |
The horizontal rows of the periodic table. |
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What is a 'family' or a 'group?' |
The vertical columns are organized into families or groups. They have similar physical and chemical properties. |
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What is an 'alkali metal?' |
A soft, silver-grey metal that reacts easily with water and oxygen. For example, lithium. |
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Define an 'alkaline earth metal.' |
Silver-grey metals that are harder and less reactive than group 1 metals. A reactive atom that combines easily with other atoms. |
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Define a 'halogen.' |
Coloured non-metals that are very reactive. |
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Define a 'noble gas.' |
Non-metals that are colourless, odourless gasses and very unreactive. It does not combine well with other atoms. |
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What is an 'atomic number?' |
The number of protons in an atom of an element. |
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Define an 'atomic mass.' |
The measure of the average mass of an element. |
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Define an 'ion charge.' |
An atom or group of atoms with a negative or positive charge. |
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Name two properties of matter. |
Physical properties can include malleability and ductility. A chemical property could include reactions with air and water. |
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Describe an iconic compound. |
A compound comprised of both a negative and a positive ion. |
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Describe a covalent compound. |
A compound comprised of two non-metals. |
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What is the formula for table salt? |
Sodium chloride: NaCl. |
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What are some common properties of ionic compounds? |
1. At room temperature, they are hard, brittle solids that can be crushed. 2. They form crystals that alternate between positive and negative ions. 3. They have very high melting points. 4. They dissolve in water. The solutions of ionic compounds conduct electricity well. |
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Name CaS. |
Calcium sulphide |
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Name MgCl2. |
Magnesium chloride |
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Name Na3P |
Sodium phosphide |
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Name LiBr |
Lithium bromide |
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Name CaI2 |
Calcium iodide |
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Name Al2O3 |
Aluminum oxide |
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Name Mg2N2 |
Magnesium nitrate |
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The positive and negative charges in an ion must be equal. If we have Cr+3 and Cl, Cl must have a charge of... |
Cl-3 |
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Define a 'polyatomic ion.' |
A polyatomic ion is a group of different elements that act as a single ion. |
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What is the common name for SO4? |
Sulphate. |
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What is the formula for ammonium? |
NH4 |
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What is a molecular element? |
Two or more atoms held together by a covalent bond. |
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What is a diatomic molecule? |
A molecule formed by two atoms. |
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What is a molecular compound? |
When atoms of two or more non-metals combine, it is known as a molecular compound. |
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Name three properties of a molecular compound. |
1. They are often soft. 2. If dissolved in water, they don't conduct electricity well. 3. They tend to have low melting points. |
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Define a 'binary molecular compound.' |
A compound that uses exactly two elements. These two elements use the naming system with prefixes: E.g., diphosphorus monoxide. Since it is a molecular compound, it must include two different non-metals. |
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Name the following: CaO2. |
Calcium dioxide. |
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Name the following: N3O9 |
Trinitrogen nonoxide. |
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What is the prefix for one atom in a binary molecular compound? |
Mono- |
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Name the prefix for two atoms in a binary molecular compound. |
Di- |
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Name the prefix for three atoms in a binary molecular compound. |
Tri- |
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Name the chemical formula for water. |
H2O. |
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Name the chemical formula for methane. |
CH4. |
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Name the chemical formula for ammonia. |
NH3. |
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Name the chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide. |
H2O2. |
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The ions on the left side of an equation are called: |
Reactants. |
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The ions on the right side of an equation are called: |
Products. |
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Name the law of conservation of mass. |
The law of conservation of mass states that, in a chemical reaction, the mass of the products always equals the mass of the reactants. |
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Name the test for the presence of hydrogen gas. |
Insert a lit wooden splint into a test tube. If hydrogen gas is present, you will hear a faint popping sound. |
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Name the range on the Ph scale for acids. |
1-7 |
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Name the range on the Ph scale for bases. |
7-14 |
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What would a perfectly neutral substance be on the Ph scale? |
7 |
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If a substance is acidic and you add litmus paper, the paper will turn ____. |
Red. |
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If a substance is base and you add litmus paper, the paper will turn ____. |
Blue. |
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How well do acids and bases dissolve in water? |
Well. |
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Do acids, bases, or both conduct electricity in a aqueous solution? |
Both acids and bases conduct electricity. |
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What can happen when you touch an acid or a base to your skin? |
It can irritate or burn your skin. |
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How do acids and bases taste? |
Acids taste sour while bases taste bitter. |
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In a chemical formula, name two possible indicators that the substance is acidic. |
The formula either starts with an H atom or ends with COOH. |
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How do you name an acid when it has only 1H and one other atom? |
It begins with the prefix Hydro- Then you add on the second element, ending with -ic. For example. HCl would become hydrochloric acid. |
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How do you name an acid if it has only hydrogen and a polyatomic ion? |
You take the name of the polyatomic atom and add an -ic at the end. Then, you add the 'acid' after. For example, H2SO4 would become sulphuric acid. |
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What is a neutralization reaction? |
A chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces H2O and a salt. The salt can be soluble or insoluble. If it is insoluble, it forms a precipitate. |
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What is a precipitate? |
A suspension of small, solid particles formed during a chemical reaction. |
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What is a synthesis reaction? |
When the separate reactants blend together to create one substance. |
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What is a decomposition reaction? |
When a substance is broken apart into two or more separate compounds. |
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What is a combustion reaction? |
A combustion reaction is a chemical reaction where a compound or element rapidly combines with oxygen gas. |
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What is a hydrocarbon? |
A compound made only of carbon and hydrogen. |
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What is a single displacement reaction? |
When an element reacts with an ionic compound and the element becomes part of the ionic compound while another part of the substance becomes an element by itself. |
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What is a double displacement reaction? |
In a double displacement reaction, the positive and negative ions in two dissolved ionic compounds switch places. The general formula for these switches is: AB+CD ---> AD+CB |
