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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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discuss wavefunctions for non-hydrogen atoms?
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-same qn as H -same angular functions as H -same radial functions as H (but contracted) -E depends on Zeff and l rather than just nuclear charge |
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Trends in Zeff?
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increase across period due to increased nuclear charge while additional electrons in the same shell don't fully shield |
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equation for orbital energies?
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where Rh = Rydberg constant |
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Discuss orbital energies?
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- orbital energies can cross ( 4s and 3d near Ca/Sc) - order only holds for neutral atoms |
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Slater's Rules?
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e⁻ with higher n contribute 0 e⁻ with the same n contribute 0.35 (0.3 for 1s) e⁻ with n-1 contribute 0.85 e⁻ with >n-1 contribute 1.00 |
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Discuss ionization energy trends?
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decrease down a group (increasing radius roughly constant Zeff) |
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Irregularity in ionization trends?
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Be -> B, - B e⁻ comes from p which is higher in energy than B N -> O - taking e⁻ from N, pairing energy 3 -> 1 - taking e⁻ from O, pairing energy 3 -> 3 Ga> A: Tl> In -relativistic effects |
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Why does electronegativity occur?
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orbitals associated with the more electronegative atom are closer to that atom because they are lower in energy than the orbitals associated with the other atom
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Trends in electronegativity?
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increase across period because Zeff increases and size of the orbitals decreases. irregularly decrease down group. |
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Trends in covalent radius?
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increase down, decrease across
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different packing types for metals in order of increasing efficiency ?
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primitive cubic (52%) body centered cubic (68%) hexagonally close packed hcp (74%) cubic close packed ccp of fcc (74%) |
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discuss primitive cubic?
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CN = 6 -low efficiency contact along cell edge |
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discuss body centered cubic packing
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CN = 8 contact along body diagonal |
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Discuss hexagonal close packing?
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CN = 12 |
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Discuss cubic close packing?
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CN = 12 |
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Discuss trends in homonuclear bond strengths?
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decrease down increase across (N,O,F have weaker single bonds due to lone pair repulsion or π* more anti bonding than π is bonding |
