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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ceramics |
are hard, crystalline solids made by heating clay and other mineral materials to high temperatures. |
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Clay |
made of water and very small mineral particles containing mostly silicon, aluminum, and oxygen. It forms when the minerals in rock break down. |
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Making Ceramics |
Clay object is heated above 1,000 degrees Celsius, much of the water present in the clay evaporates and the particles of the clay stick together. This process forms hard ceramics such as bricks and flower pots. |
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Glaze |
Ceramics have tiny spaces in their structure that hold water. Cover the ceramic with a thin layer of silicon dioxide and heat it again. This process forms a glassy, waterproof coating. |
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Properties of ceramics |
Ceramics resist moisture, do not conduct electricity, and can withstand temperatures that would cause metals to melt. Can shatter when struck. |
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What are some uses of ceramics? |
Ceramic pottery has been used for thousands of years to store food, protecting it from moisture and animals. Roofing tiles, bricks, and sewer pipes are all long-standing uses of ceramics. They are also used as insulators in electric equipment and light fixtures. |
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Glass |
Sand mixed with limestone melted into a hot liquid that flows like molasses when cooled quickly forms this clear, solid material with no crystal structure. |
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Making Glass |
Early glassmakers added calcium and sodium to the melting sand. This mixture melts at a lower temperature than sand alone so its easier to work with. Windows, glass bottles and jars are still made this way. |
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Glass blowers |
Glassmakers in ancient Syria invented this. They would put a blob of melted glass on the end of an iron pipe. By blowing air through the pipe, the glassmaker could produce a hollow glass vessel. If the glass was blown into a wooden mold, jars and vases in beautiful patterns and shapes could be created. |
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Properties of glass |
Can shatter when struck. It is clear, can be made in many shapes and colors, and can't be penetrated by liquids. |
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Uses of glass |
Can be used for glassware and vases. When lead oxide is substituted for limestone makes a glass that bends light in useful ways. This kind of glass is used to make lenses for eyeglasses, telescopes and microscopes. Substituting boron oxide creates a glass that resists heat. This type is used for cookware and lab glassware that must be heated. |
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Optical Fiber |
a threadlike piece of glass (or plastic) that can be used for transmitting light. |
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In what form is a signal transmitted through an optical fiber? |
When you speak into a telephone, the signal created by your voice is converted to light signals that travel through the glass fiber (optical fiber) |
