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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lefthand superscript of an element identifies...
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atomic mass identified with...
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Lefthand subscript of an element identifies...
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Z number identified with...
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Righthand superscript of an element identifies...
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Charge identified with...
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Alpha radiation
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a type of radioactive emission; a helium nucleus
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Anion
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a negatively charged atom or group of atoms
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Atom
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the smallest particle that retains the chemical properties of an element
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Atomic mass
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the weighted average mass of an element's naturally occurring atoms
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Atomic mass unit (amu)
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a convenient unit of mass; 1/12th the mass of a 12,6C atom
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Atomic number (Z)
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the number of protons in an atom's nucleus
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Avogadro's number
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the number of units in a mole; 6.022 x 10^23
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Beta radiation
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a type of radioactive emission consisting of electrons
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Cathode ray
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the visible glow emitted when an electric potential is applied across two electrodes in an evacuated chamber
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Cation
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a positively charged atom or group or atoms
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Chemical bond
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the force that holds atoms together in chemical compounds
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Chemical compound
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a chemical substance composed of atoms of more than one element
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Chemical equation
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a format for writing a chemical reaction, listing reactants on the left, products on the right, and an arrow in between
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Chemical formula
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a format for listing the number and kind of constituent elements in a compound
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Chemical reaction
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the transformation of one substance into another
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Covalent bond
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a bond that occurs when two atoms share several (usually two) electrons
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Dalton (Da)
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an alternative name for the atomic mass unit (amu)
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Electron
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a negatively charged, fundamental atomic particle
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Electron capture
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a nuclear reaction in which a proton in the nucleus captures an inner-shell electron and is thereby converted into a neutron
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Gamma radiation
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a type of radioactive emission consisting of a stream of high-energy photons
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Ion
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a charged atom or group of atoms
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Ionic bond
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a bond that results from a transfer of one or more electrons between atoms
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Ionic solid
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a solid whose constituent particles are ions ordered into a regular three-dimensional arrangement held together by ionic bonds
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Isotopes
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atoms with identical atomic numbers but different mass numbers
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Law of definite proportions
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Different samples of a pure chemical substance always contain the same proportion of elements by mass.
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Law of mass conservation
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Mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.
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Law of multiple proportions
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When two elements combine in different ways to form different substances, the mass ratios are small, whole-number multiples of one another.
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Mass number (A)
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the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
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Mixture
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a blend of two or more substances in some arbitrary proportion
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Molar mass
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the mass of 1 mol of substance; equal to the molecular or formula mass of the substance in grams
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Mole (mol)
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the SI unit for amount of substance; the quantity of a substance that contains as many molecules or formula units as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12
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Molecule
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the unit of matter that results when two or more atoms are joined by covalent bonds
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Neutron
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a neutral, fundamental atomic particle in the nucleus of atoms
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Nuclear chemistry
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the study of the properties and reactions of atomic nuclei
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Nuclear equation
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an equation for a nuclear reaction in which the sums of the nucleons are the same on both sides and the sums of the charges on the nuclei and any elementary particles are the same on both sides
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Nuclear reaction
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a reaction that changes an atomic nucleus
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Nucleon
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a general term for nuclear particles, both protons and neutrons
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Nucleus
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the central core of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons
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Oxoanion
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an anion of an oxoacid
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Polyatomic ion
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a charged, covalently bonded group of atoms
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Positron emission
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a nuclear reaction that converts a proton into a neutron plus an ejected positron
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Proton
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a positively charged, fundamental atomic particle found in the nucleus of atoms
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Radioactivity
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the spontaneous emission of radiation accompanying a nuclear reaction
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Radioisotope
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a radioactive isotope
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Structural formula
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a representation that shows the specific connections between atoms in a molecule
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