Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Postulate 1. All matter is made up of _________. |
All matter is made up of extremely small particles. |
|
|
Postulate 2. Particles are always ______________ and higher temperature means ______________. |
Particles are always in motion, and higher temperature means faster motion. |
|
|
Postulate 3. There are forces of __________ and ________ between particles, and the closer they get the __________ the first force becomes, but when they touch they ____________ strongly. |
There are forces of attraction and repulsion between particles, and the closer they get the stronger they attract, but when they touch they repel. |
|
|
Postulate 4. The forces of attractions between gas particles are extremely __________. |
The forces of attractions between gas particles are extremely small. |
|
|
Postulate 5. The space between gas particles is much _____________ than the particles themselves. |
The space between gas particles is much larger than the particles themselves. |
|
|
Postulate 6.Particles are __________ - no energy is released or absorbed on ___________. |
Particles are elastic - no energy is released or absorbed on collision. |
|
|
What is the key difference between states, besides particle density. |
Amount of kinetic energy in particles, and thus particle vibrations. |
|
|
What is the EK of a solid? What are it's vibrations and spacing? |
Very low, small vibrations, tight lattice. |
|
|
What is the EK of a liquid?What are it's vibrations and spacing? |
Higher than solid, lower than gasmoderate vibrations, moderate lattice. |
|
|
What is the EK of a gas?What are it's vibrations and spacing? |
Very highmassive vibrations, no lattice. |
|
|
Can solids be compressed or can a solid change shape? Why? |
Cannot be compressed, cannot change shape. Intermolecular attractions are too tight for compression, and are locked into a definite lattice so shape does not change. |
|
|
Can liquids be compressed or can a liquid change shape? Why? |
Cannot be compressed, can change shape. Intermolecular attractions are too tight for compression, but are not locked into a definite lattice (rotation is possible) so shape can change. |
|
|
Can gases be compressed or can a gas change shape? Why? |
Gases can be compressed due to intermolecular spacing and can change shape due to lack of lattice. |
|
|
Why does EK level out at boiling or at melting points? |
EK does not change because potential energy in intermolecular attractions is being changed instead of EK. |
|
|
What happens if you heat a solid? (Four things change) |
The EK will increase, and so will vibrations. Volume will expand. Vibrations will decrease the effectiveness of the bonds, then suddenly particles can rotate. |
|
|
What happens when a solid changes state? |
Added energy does not change particle motion, but rather changes intermolecular strength (EP). |
|
|
What happens if you add more particles to a gas sample, if volume and temperature is constant? |
There are more particles to collide so collisions increase. Pressure will increase as particles are added. No effect on EK. |
|
|
What happens if you increase the volume of a gas sample, if # of particles and temperature is constant? |
There is more space for particles to move around, so particles will collide less. Pressure will decrease inversely to volume increases. No effect on EK. |
|
|
What happens if you increase the temperature of a gas sample, if # of particles and volume is constant? |
There is more EK, so particles will move more and collide more. Pressure will increase proportionately to temperature. |
|
|
Which motions can solid particles undergo? |
Vibration |
|
|
Which motions can liquid particles undergo? |
Rotation and vibration |
|
|
Which motions can gas particles undergo? |
Translation, rotation and vibration. |
|
|
Why can't solids or liquids compress or spread? |
There is strong attraction between particles so they stick together. There is strong repulsion between the particles because they are so close together. (Tight lattice) |
