Chem Prt 2

Front 1

octet rule

Back 1

atoms will lose , gain or share electrons to acheive a noble gas configuration of 8 electrons

Front 2

lone pairs

Back 2

pairs of valence electrons that r not involved in covalent bond formation

Front 3

lewis structure

Back 3

a representation of covalent bonding in which shared electron pairs are shown as dots or dashes

Front 4

polar bond

Back 4

bond where the electrons are shared but not shared equally

Front 5

covalent bonds

Back 5

bonds that occur between atoms that share electrons

Front 6

ionic bonds

Back 6

bonds that occur b/w a metal n a nonmetal and involve ions
the electrons r not shared but rather transferred

Front 7

pure covalent bond

Back 7

bond w/ neutral atoms held together by eqully shared electrons

Front 8

polar covalent bond

Back 8

bond thats partially charged atoms r held together by unequally shared electrons

Front 9

electronegativity

Back 9

the ability of an atom to draw shared electrons (the elctrons in a cov. bond) to itself

Front 10

dipole moment

Back 10

a quantitative measure of the polarity of a bond

Front 11

1. find unique central atom n make bonds surrounding it with other atoms
2. count total # of valence e-'s
3. for each bond subtract 2 frm total #
4. now fill in rest to there octet remember h only needs 2
5.if any now remain put in pairs off central atom
6. if central atom has less than 8 move however many pairs frm other atoms to make multiple bonds

Back 11

6 steps to lewis structure

Front 12

formal charge

Back 12

charge determined by comparing the number of electrons asslciated w/ the isolated atom or in o/ words the valence electrons

Front 13

resonance structures

Back 13

one of 2 or more lewis structures for the same molecule that cant b repped accurately by one lewis structure

Front 14

free radicals

Back 14

molecules w/ an odd # of electrons

Front 15

solution

Back 15

a homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances

Front 16

solvent

Back 16

a substance in a solution that is present in the largest amount

Front 17

solute

Back 17

the dissolved substance in a soluti0n

Front 18

electrolyte

Back 18

a substance that dissolves in water to yield a solution that conducts electricity

Front 19

nonelectrolyte

Back 19

a substance taht dissolves in water to yield a solution but does not conduct electricity

Front 20

dissociation

Back 20

process in which an ionic compound breaks apart into its constituant ions

Front 21

ionization

Back 21

process in which a molecular compound fprms ions after it dissolves

Front 22

base

Back 22

a compound that dissolves in wateer to produce hydroxide ions (OH-)

Front 23

strong electrolyte

Back 23

electrolyte that dissociates completely ex. all water soluble ionic compounds

Front 24

weak electrolytes

Back 24

compound that produces ions upon dissolving but exists in solution predominantlyy as molecules that r not ionized ex. most acids

Front 25

precipitate

Back 25

an insoluble solid that separates frm a solution

Front 26

precipitation reaction

Back 26

chem reaction where a precipitate is formed

Front 27

hydration

Back 27

process where an ionic substance dissolves in water n the water molecules remove individual ions frm the 3 d solid structure n surround them

Front 28

solubility

Back 28

the max amt. of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temp