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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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solute a solvent |
(often a solid) dissolved in (often a liquid) |
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Substances that give rise to charged particles when they dissolve in water are classed as |
electrolytes. |
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first four rules? (group, NH4+, NO3- HCO3- HSO4-, ides? excpt) |
1. All Group 1 compounds (containing Na+, K+, Li+ ....) are soluble. 2. All ammonium (NH4+) compounds are soluble. 3. All compounds containing nitrate (NO3–), hydrogen carbonate (HCO3–) and hydrogen sulfate (HSO4–) ions are soluble. 4. Most compounds containing chloride (Cl–), bromide (Br–), or iodide (I–) ions are soluble. Exceptions: Halides of Ag+ and Pb2+ |
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Last three rules? (OH-, CO32- PO43- S2- excpt?, SO42- excpt?) |
5. Most hydroxides (OH–) are insoluble.Exceptions: Group 1 hydroxides (see 1 above) and barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2).Calcium hydroxide, (Ca(OH)2), is slightly soluble.
6. All carbonates (CO32–), phosphates (PO43–) and sulfides (S2–) are insoluble.Exceptions: Compounds containing Group 1 metal cations and/or ammonium ion. See 1 and 2 above. 7. Most sulfates (SO42–) are soluble. Exceptions: Barium sulfate (BaSO4) and lead sulfate (PbSO4) are insoluble.Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) and silver sulfate (Ag2SO4) are slightly soluble. |
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Precipitation occurs if |
one of these pairs has the cation and the anion of an insoluble solid. |
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spectator ion |
An ion that, although present in the solution, takes no part in the reaction. |
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solution |
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. |
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dissociation |
The separation of an ionic compound into its cations and anions when it dissolves. |
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electrolyte |
A substance that dissolves to produce ions in solution. |
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precipitate |
An insoluble solid which separates from a solution. |
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Calculating mol? (2) |
n=m/M n=cV |
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amount in moles of reaction is equal |
to the amount in moles of the substance divided by its coefficient in the balanced equation. |
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limiting reactant predicts |
the smallest amount in moles of reaction. |
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To determine the theoretical (maximum) amount in moles of product |
1. Calculate the amount in moles of reaction predicted for each reactant.-Divide the amount in moles of reactant used by its coefficient in the balanced equation.
2. Identify the maximum amount of reaction - The maximum amount of reaction is equal to the smaller amount of reaction predicted above. - The reactant that predicts the smaller amount of reaction is known as the limiting reactant. 3. Calculate the theoretical maximum amount in moles of product. -The theoretical (maximum) amount of product is the maximum amount of reaction multiplied by its coefficient in the balanced equation. |
