Chem, Ch 14 Lipid And Amino Acid Metabolism, Exam 4

Front 1

The energy derived from fat is nearly .-BLANK-.that produced from glycogen or starch.

Back 1

twice

Front 2

Triglycerides are hydrolyzed into .-BLANK-., fatty acids and monoglycerides during digestion.

Back 2

glycerol

Front 3

Lipoprotein aggregates of insoluble lipids and proteins, known as .-BLANK-., are vehicles for transport of insoluble lipids in blood and lymph.

Back 3

chylomicrons

Front 4

Triglycerides are stored in .-BLANK-.tissue.

Back 4

adipose

Front 5

Hydrolysis of triglycerides acts to mobilize fat for entry of the products, .-BLANK-.and .-BLANK-.into the bloodstream.

Back 5

fatty acids, glycerol

Front 6

.-BLANK-.is the product from hydrolysis of glycerol as well as an intermediate in glycolysis.

Back 6

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Front 7

Fatty acids must first be converted to .-BLANK-.in order to pass through the mitochondrial membrane for oxidation to produce energy.

Back 7

fatty acyl CoA

Front 8

Hydrolysis of .-BLANK-.and PPi provides the energy for synthesis of fatty acyl CoA.

Back 8

ATP

Front 9

.-BLANK-.is the process through which fatty acyl CoA molecules are degraded in the mitochondria.

Back 9

β-oxidation

Front 10

Another name for the β-oxidation pathway is the .-BLANK-..

Back 10

fatty acid spiral

Front 11

Each pass through the fatty acid spiral produces one molecule of acetyl CoA, NADH, and .-BLANK-..

Back 11

FADH2

Front 12

The last pass through the fatty acid spiral produces .-BLANK-.molecules of acetyl CoA.

Back 12

two

Front 13

.-BLANK-.passes through the β-oxidation sequence are needed to breakdown stearic acid (18 carbons) to produce nine molecules of acetyl CoA.

Back 13

eight

Front 14

How many acetyl CoA molecules, FADH2, and NADH molecules are produced from β-oxidation of one molecule of capric acid?

Back 14

five, four, four

Front 15

β-oxidation of one stearoyl CoA molecule produces 120 .-BLANK-.molecules.

Back 15

ATP

Front 16

Does the oxidation of glucose yield more or less molecules of ATP per carbon than the oxidation of fatty acyl CoA molecules.

Back 16

fewer

Front 17

a) Acetyl CoA is converted into .-BLANK-.bodies in the liver.

b) List the three compounds known as ketone bodies.

Back 17

a) ketone

b) acetone, β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate

Front 18

A type of diabetes called diabetes .-BLANK-.results in an imbalance in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

Back 18

mellitus

Front 19

Excessive levels of acetyl CoA and .-BLANK-.in the blood result from increased fatty acid metabolism as a result of diabetes mellitus.

Back 19

ketone bodies

Front 20

a) If 100 mL of blood contains 25 mg of ketone bodies, the proper clinical diagnosis would be .-BLANK-..

b) List the symptoms of ketosis.

Back 20

a) ketonemia

b) keonemia, ketonuria and acetone breath

Front 21

Fatty acids are synthesized in a cells .-BLANK-..

Back 21

cytoplasm

Front 22

Fatty acids are synthesized in units of .-BLANK-.carbon atoms.

Back 22

two

Front 23

.-BLANK-.are building blocks used in protein biosynthesis.

Back 23

amino acids

Front 24

The three sources of amino acids for biosynthesis of proteins come from hydrolysis of proteins, degraded tissues and .-BLANK-.of amino acids in the liver.

Back 24

synthesis

Front 25

The .-BLANK-.contains amino acids from digestion of proteins, degradation of the organism’s own tissues, and biosynthesis of amino acids in the liver.

Back 25

amino acid pool

Front 26

Protein .-BLANK-.is the process through which proteins and amino acids are recycled.

Back 26

turnover

Front 27

A protein’s turnover rate is often expressed as a .-BLANK-..

Back 27

half-life

Front 28

Are the half-lives of muscle proteins longer or shorter than liver protein half-lives.

Back 28

longer

Front 29

Examples of proteins that have very rapid turnover rates are .-BLANK-.and polypeptide hormones.

Back 29

enzymes

Front 30

Amino acids are degraded to urea through transamination followed by .-BLANK-., then urea formation.

Back 30

deamination

Front 31

The transfer of amino acid groups is catalyzed by .-BLANK-..

Back 31

transaminases

Front 32

In transamination, an amino group is transferred to a .-BLANK-..

Back 32

keto acid

Front 33

The final products of transamination reactions are .-BLANK-.and aspartate.

Back 33

glutamate

Front 34

Removal of an amino group is referred to as oxidative .-BLANK-..

Back 34

deamination

Front 35

In the urea cycle, .-BLANK-.are converted to urea.

Back 35

ammonium

Front 36

The fuel for the urea cycle is .-BLANK-..

Back 36

carbamoyl phosphate

Front 37

Amino acids are degraded to either .-BLANK-., acetyl CoA, acetoacetyl CoA, or substances that are intermediates in the citric acid cycle.

Back 37

pyruvate

Front 38

Amino acids that can be converted to intermediates in the synthesis of glucose are known as .-BLANK-.amino acids.

Back 38

glucogenic

Front 39

Amino acids that can be converted to acetyl CoA or acetoacetyl CoA are known as .-BLANK-.amino acids.

Back 39

ketogenic

Front 40

.-BLANK-.amino acids can be synthesized in sufficient quantities to meet the body’s needs.

Back 40

nonessential

Front 41

The presence of ketone bodies in the urine.

Back 41

ketonuria

Front 42

An elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood.

Back 42

ketonemia

Front 43

An amino acid that can be changed to acetyl CoA or acetoacetyl CoA.

Back 43

ketogenic amino acid

Front 44

A condition of ketone bodies in the blood and urine, and acetone breath.

Back 44

ketosis

Front 45

An amino acid that can be used to synthesize glucose.

Back 45

glucogenic amino acid

Front 46

A low blood pH due to elevated levels of ketone bodies.

Back 46

ketoacidosis

Front 47

When fat is mobilized, it is released into the blood stream as

Back 47

fatty acids

Front 48

.-BLANK-. can be converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate which enters the glycolytic pathway.

Back 48

glycerol

Front 49

How many ATP molecules can be produced when a six carbon fatty acid is completely oxidized through the fatty acid spiral?

Back 49

36

Front 50

A key amino acid in the catabolism of nitrogen atoms in amino acids is

a.aspartate

b.glutamate

c.valine

d.more than one choice is correct

Back 50

more than one choice is correct

Front 51

The biosynthesis of fatty acids occurs in a cell's

Back 51

cytoplasm

Front 52

How many trips through the fatty acid spiral are required for a 10 carbon fatty acid?

Back 52

4

Front 53

How many molecules of NADH are formed by the oxidation of a six-carbon fatty acid?

Back 53

2

Front 54

What can cause an imbalance in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism?

Back 54

diabetes mellitus

Front 55

Rank the half-lives of enzyme, liver, and muscle proteins in the order of shortest to longest half-life.

Back 55

enzyme < liver < muscle

Front 56

The enzyme catalyzed transfer of an amino group of an amino acid to a keto acid is called

Back 56

transamination

Front 57

Oxidative deamination of an amino acid produces

Back 57

NH 4 +

Front 58

Which of the following is NOT one of the catabolic products of amino acid carbon skeletons?

a.glucose

b.pyruvate

c.acetyl CoA

d.acetoacetyl CoA

e.citric acid cycle intermediates

Back 58

glucose