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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Where does glycolysis take place?

Cyotosol

Where does the TCA cycle take place?

Mitochondrial matrix

Is TCA anaerobic or aerobic?

Aerobic

Where do bacteria carry out the TCA reactions?

Cytosol

How many ATP are produced from 1 NADH?

2.5 ATP

How many ATP are produced from 1 FADH2?

1.5 ATP

What is glycogenolysis?

Breakdown of glycogen into glucose, glucose 1-phosphate, and glucose 6-phosphate.

What is gluconeogenesis?

Synthesis of glucose from non-carb precursors. Mainly pyruvate to oxaloacetate to glucose. Can also happen with amino acids.

What is unique about pyruvate carboxylase?

Biotin (vitamin, cofactor) binds CO2

What is the Citric Acid Cycle?

A multistep catalytic process that converts acetyl groups derived from carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids to CO2, and produces NADH, FADH2, and GTP.

What are the other names of the Citric Acid Cycle?

TCA cycle


Krebs cycle

How does citrate synthase activate citryl-CoA hydrolysis, yet prevent the equally favorable hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA?

Oxaloacetate binds first, inducing a major structural rearrangement which creates the binding site for acetyl-CoA.


The catalytic residues are not in position until after citryl-CoA is formed.

What is the difference between a transition state and an intermediate?

A transition state is partially formed molecule at the peak of a reaction curve.


An intermediate is a molecule that is formed i na chain of reactions.

How many net ATP are produced from 1 round of TCA cycle?

32 ATP

How many CO2 molecules are formed from 1 glucose?

6

How many ATP are produced from 1 GTP molecule?

1 ATP

At what 3 steps is the Citric Acid Cycle regulated?

ADP and Ca2+ promote the TCA cycle with isocitrate.



What does Succinate dehydrogenase do?

Produces FADH2


Only membrane bound enzyme of the citric acid cycle


Competitive inhibitor


Converts succinate to fumerate


Enzyme binds to both of the substrates carboxylate groups

Enzyme, reactants, and products in pyruvate dehydrogenase?

Enzyme: Pyruvate dehydrogenase


Reactants: Pyruvate, CoASH, NAD+


Products: Acetyl-CoA, CO2, NADH, H+

Step 1 of the Citric Acid Cycle

Enzyme: Citrate synthase


Reactant: Acetyl-CoA


Product: Citrate, CoASH

Step 2 of the Citric Acid Cycle

Enzyme: Aconitase


Reactant: Citrate


Product: Isocitrate

Step 3 of the Citric Acid Cycle

Enzyme: Isocitrate Dehydrogenase


Reactants: Isocitrate, NAD+


Products: alpha-Ketoglutarate, NADH, CO2

Step 4 of the Citric Acid Cycle

Enzyme: alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase


Reactants: alphaglutarate, NAD+


Products: Succinyl-CoA, NADH, CO2

Step 5 of the Citric Acid Cycle

Enzyme: Succinyl-CoA Synthetase


Reactants: Succinyl-CoA, GDP


Products: Succinate, GTP, CoASH

Step 6 of the Citric Acid Cycle

Enzyme: Succinate Dehydrogenase


Reactants: Succinate, Q


Products: Fumarate, QH2

Step 7 of the Citric Acid Cycle

Enzyme: Fumarase


Reactants: Fumarate, H2O


Products: Malate

Step 8 of the Citric Acid Cycle

Enzyme: Malate dehydrogenase


Reactants: Malate, NAD+


Products: Oxaloacetate, NADH