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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where does glycolysis take place? |
Cyotosol |
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Where does the TCA cycle take place? |
Mitochondrial matrix |
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Is TCA anaerobic or aerobic? |
Aerobic |
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Where do bacteria carry out the TCA reactions? |
Cytosol |
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How many ATP are produced from 1 NADH? |
2.5 ATP |
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How many ATP are produced from 1 FADH2? |
1.5 ATP |
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What is glycogenolysis? |
Breakdown of glycogen into glucose, glucose 1-phosphate, and glucose 6-phosphate. |
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What is gluconeogenesis? |
Synthesis of glucose from non-carb precursors. Mainly pyruvate to oxaloacetate to glucose. Can also happen with amino acids. |
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What is unique about pyruvate carboxylase? |
Biotin (vitamin, cofactor) binds CO2 |
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What is the Citric Acid Cycle? |
A multistep catalytic process that converts acetyl groups derived from carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids to CO2, and produces NADH, FADH2, and GTP. |
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What are the other names of the Citric Acid Cycle? |
TCA cycle Krebs cycle |
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How does citrate synthase activate citryl-CoA hydrolysis, yet prevent the equally favorable hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA? |
Oxaloacetate binds first, inducing a major structural rearrangement which creates the binding site for acetyl-CoA. The catalytic residues are not in position until after citryl-CoA is formed. |
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What is the difference between a transition state and an intermediate? |
A transition state is partially formed molecule at the peak of a reaction curve. An intermediate is a molecule that is formed i na chain of reactions. |
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How many net ATP are produced from 1 round of TCA cycle? |
32 ATP |
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How many CO2 molecules are formed from 1 glucose? |
6 |
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How many ATP are produced from 1 GTP molecule? |
1 ATP |
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At what 3 steps is the Citric Acid Cycle regulated? |
ADP and Ca2+ promote the TCA cycle with isocitrate. |
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What does Succinate dehydrogenase do? |
Produces FADH2 Only membrane bound enzyme of the citric acid cycle Competitive inhibitor Converts succinate to fumerate Enzyme binds to both of the substrates carboxylate groups |
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Enzyme, reactants, and products in pyruvate dehydrogenase? |
Enzyme: Pyruvate dehydrogenase Reactants: Pyruvate, CoASH, NAD+ Products: Acetyl-CoA, CO2, NADH, H+ |
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Step 1 of the Citric Acid Cycle |
Enzyme: Citrate synthase Reactant: Acetyl-CoA Product: Citrate, CoASH |
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Step 2 of the Citric Acid Cycle |
Enzyme: Aconitase Reactant: Citrate Product: Isocitrate |
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Step 3 of the Citric Acid Cycle |
Enzyme: Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Reactants: Isocitrate, NAD+ Products: alpha-Ketoglutarate, NADH, CO2 |
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Step 4 of the Citric Acid Cycle |
Enzyme: alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase Reactants: alphaglutarate, NAD+ Products: Succinyl-CoA, NADH, CO2 |
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Step 5 of the Citric Acid Cycle |
Enzyme: Succinyl-CoA Synthetase Reactants: Succinyl-CoA, GDP Products: Succinate, GTP, CoASH |
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Step 6 of the Citric Acid Cycle |
Enzyme: Succinate Dehydrogenase Reactants: Succinate, Q Products: Fumarate, QH2 |
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Step 7 of the Citric Acid Cycle |
Enzyme: Fumarase Reactants: Fumarate, H2O Products: Malate |
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Step 8 of the Citric Acid Cycle |
Enzyme: Malate dehydrogenase Reactants: Malate, NAD+ Products: Oxaloacetate, NADH |