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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Documents needed to fly |
Pilot cert Medical cert Government ID |
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Limitations of student pilot |
No passenger Cannot do anything for hire No night flight unless endorsed No flight into class B unless endorsed No viability less than 3 SM |
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Privileges and limitations of a private pilot |
Act as PIC Carrie Passengers Conduct search and rescue Fly for non-profit Aircraft salesman if at least 200 hours Not pay less pro rata share Cannot fly for hire |
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Do you need your log book |
Only students on solo cross countries |
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Do you have to log off flight |
You only have to log training or aeronautical experience to satisfy requirements |
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Does a student police certificate expire |
No |
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How do we keep our power certificates current |
Student pilots with valid medical PPL flight review every 24 months |
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Currency requirements for carrying passengers |
Daytime three landings 90 days My time three full stops 90 days |
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Night definition |
Night is the time between evening civil twilight morning Twilight You could long night landings one hour after sunset or 1 hour before sunrise |
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What documents should be in the aircraft before flight SPARROW |
Supplements Placards Airworthiness cert Registration Operating limitations Weight and balance |
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When does an aircraft registration expire |
3 years |
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What are category of planes |
Airplane rotorcraft glider lighter than air |
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What are class of planes |
Single engine Land and Sea Multi-engine land and sea |
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What is type of aircraft |
Turbojet Specific type |
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How long do you have to change your address if you move |
30 days |
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Doesn't airworthiness certificate expire |
No. As long as inspections are kept up to date in the original design is adhered to |
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Does the POH meet the requirement of having an AFM |
Yes the POH for most light aircraft adhere to AFM |
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He says we have to follow the POH |
Far 91.9 states no person may operate a civil aircraft without complying with the operating limitations specified in the approved airplane flight manual |
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Who is responsible for ensuring aircraft is maintained in airworthy |
The owner / operator |
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What are required aircraft inspections do we have AAVIATES |
Air worthiness directives Annual VOR 100 hour inspections Altimeter every 24 months Transponder 24 months ELT 12 months or 1 hour of use or half battery Static system 24 months |
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It's on an hour inspection allowed to be overflowing |
Yes by 10 hours to get it to where the inspection is being performed |
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What are airworthiness directives |
FAA issued order to fix a known issue They are mandatory |
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What kind of air worthiness directives are there |
Emergency One time Reoccurring |
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Can you overfly an annual |
The only way you can ever fly in anyways with a special flight purple |
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Do you need an ELT |
Not if you are within 50 nautical miles of the home airport |
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When does an ELT have to be replaced or recharged and when can it be tested |
Half the battery one hour of use first 5 minutes |
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What equipment and instruments do you need to have an airplane in today's flight |
ATOMATOFLAMES Altimeter Tachometer Oil pressure gauge Manifold pressure gauge Airspeed indicator Temp gauge Fuel gauge Landing gear indicator Oil temp gaugeFuel gaugeLanding gear indicatorAnti collision lightsMagnetic compassELTSeat belt Anti collision lights Magnetic compass ELT Seat belt |
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What equipment is needed for night flight f |
FLAPS Fuses Landing light If the plane is flown for hire Anti collision lights Position lights Source of electricity |
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What would you do if you found that the landing light was inoperative |
If it was night we would not fly During the day you would pull the fuse and placard it |
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Can you fly with inoperative equipment |
Yes as long as it's not included in 91.205 and has been deactivated and placarded |
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What is a minimum equipment list |
FAA approved list of equipment on an aircraft that can be inoperative with it still airworthy We do not have one we adhere to 91.205 And 91.213 |
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Can aircraft owner change an MEL |
No has to be requested with the FAA |
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Four forces of flight |
Lift weight thrust drag |
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What are the primary flight controls |
Ailerons, rudders, elevators |
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What are secondary flight controls |
FLAPS, spoilers, slats |
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How is lift created? |
Newtons 3rd law. Airfoils accelerate airflow downward. Opposite and equal reaction forces airfoil upward. Bernoulli's principle |
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Different types of drag |
Parasite Form (shape of aircraft, antennas, pitot tube) Skin friction (rivets, dirt, less smooth) Interference (intersection spots like wing attacked to fuselage |
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What airspeed is induced and parasite drag meet |
VG best glide 65 knots |
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What is camber and can we change it |
Curvature of the wing and can be change with flaps |
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What is center of gravity and what happens when we move it |
CG is point where the aircraft is balance or where the weight is concentrated |
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What causes a wing to stall |
Wing only stalls when the critical area of attack is exceeded |
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How does temperature change the takeoff distance |
High temps =less dense air Less dense air exerts less force on airfoils making the. Less effecient and engine has less power. Longer take off rolls and decreased climb |
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What factors affect air density |
Heat-warm Air expands less dense Altitude- higher air less dense Humidity-humid air less dense water molecules take up the air molecules |
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Maximum ramp takeoff and landing weights |
Ramp 2407 Takeoff and landing 2400 |
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Why is ramp weight different from takeoff weight |
Ramp is max weight for ground maneuvers Takeoff is max weight approve for takeoff run |
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How do you find crosswind component? |
POH 15 knots |
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Vso |
Stall speed landing 41 |
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Vs1 |
Stall speed 47 |
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Vy |
Best rate of climb 76 |
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Vx |
Best rate climb 60 |
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Vfe |
FLAPS extended 110 flaps 10 85 |
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Va |
Manuevering speed 82-99 green arc |
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Vno |
Max cruise speed 128 |
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Vne |
Never exceed 160 |
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Vr |
Rotate 55 |
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Vg |
Glide speed 65 |
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Type of engine |
Lycoming 160HP 0-320-H2AD Normally aspirated horizontally apposed direct drive air cooled 4 cylinder 320 cubic inch |
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What does normally aspirated mean |
Air enters intake there is no turbo or supercharger |
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Oil capacity |
7 qrts total 5 qrts minimum |
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Type of oil |
15W-50 |
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Type of prop |
Macaulay fixed pitch 75 inch |
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Type of fuel |
100LL or 100 blue and green |
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Why drain the fuel |
Check for water and particles |
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Type of brakes |
Hydroloc single disc brakes |
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What is the difference between controlled and uncontrolled airspace |
Class G is the only uncontrolled airspace ATC has no jurisdiction |
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Class A |
18,000 up to 60,000 IFR rated mode C 2-way communications no weather minimums |
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B airspace |
Clearance Mode C Students need endoreced |
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Class C |
Mod C Two way communication Surface to 4000 |
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Class D |
2 way comms Surface to 2500 |
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Class E |
No requirements Surface, 700ft, 1200ft |
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Warning areas airspace |
Extends from 3nm outward from the U.S. coastInvisible hazardous to non-participating aircraft |
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Controlled firing areas |
Activities that could be hazardous are suspended immediately when a spotter detects an aircraft Activities that could be hazardous are suspended immediately when a spotter detects an aircraft |
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Restricted |
Unusual and oftentimes invisible hazards such as artillery or missile firingWhen the restricted areas are active, pilots will need to get permission from the controlling authority to enter |
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Alert |
May contain a high volume of pilot training or unusual aerial activityNo clearance is needed to enter but all pilots should be very alert |
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Military operations area |
Military training such as aerial intercepts, formation flying, and low altitude tactics is conducted in these areasContact controlling agency to obtain hours of operationPermission is not needed to enter, but pilots must exercise extreme caution. Military training such as aerial intercepts, formation flying, and low altitude tactics is conducted in these areasContact controlling agency to obtain hours of operationPermission is not needed to enter, but pilots must exercise extreme caution. |
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Prohibited |
Areas designated for national security or welfareFlight in this area is prohibited |
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When do you need Mode C Transponder |
Class. ABC inside mode C viel above class C above 10,000 |
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What is ADSB |
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast equipment |
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When is ADSB required. |
Class A, B, and C airspaceClass E airspace at or above 10,000 feet MSL, excluding airspace at and below 2,500 feet AGLWithin 30 nautical miles of a Class B primary airport (the Mode C veil)Above the ceiling and within the lateral boundaries of Class B or Class C airspace up to 10,000 feetClass E airspace over the Gulf of Mexico, at and above 3,000 feet MSL, within 12 nm of the U.S. coast. |
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What is standard temp and pressure |
15 C 59 F 29.92 |
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What are isobars What if they are close together |
Issobars connect equal lines of pressure if they are close it'll be strong winds |
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Type of weather with stable air |
Stratiform clouds, poor visibility, smooth air, steady or continuous precipitation |
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Type of weather unstable air |
Cumuliform clouds or clouds with vertical development, good visibility, turbulence, and showery precipitation |
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Characteristics of low pressure area |
Cyclone – counterclockwise and inward/upwards airflow movement |
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Characteristics of high pressure |
Anti-Cyclone – clockwise and downward/outwards airflow movement |
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What is a ridge |
Area of high pressure with descending air |
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What is a trough |
Area of low pressure air. Rising air |
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What needs to be present for thunderstorm to form |
Unstable air (quick drop in temp as you go up) Rising force/lifting action Sufficient moisture (temp and dew point spread) |
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Stages of thunderstorm |
Cumulus (building stage updrafts) Mature ( up and downdraft beggingint of rainfall) Dissepating(downdrafts only rain) |
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Wind shear? |
Drastic change in wind direction or speed |
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What is dew point |
Temp at which air becomes saturated and can't hold moisture |
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What is temp inversion |
Warming going up |
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Advection Fog |
Warm Moist air moves over cold land or water. |
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Radiation fog |
Forms on clear nights with no wind or little |
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Upslope fog |
Unstable air is cooled as it's pushed up a slope |
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Precipitation induced |
Warm rain falls through cool air |
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How does ice affect flight |
Adds weights Adds drag Lessons thrust Lessons lift |
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4 types of icing |
Carb icing Structural Instrument Induction |
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Types of weather briefs |
Standard- when planning a flight Abbreviated- already have weather need an updated Outlook-departure 6 or more hours from now |
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What is a METAR? |
Routine aviation weather report Issued every hour |
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What is a TAF |
Terminal aerodrome forecast. 4 times a day every 6 hours Weather 5 sm from airport |
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3 types of TAFs |
Routine (TAF) Amended(TAF AMD) Corrected (TAF COR) |
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Definition of a ceiling |
Height above ground to lowest overcast or broken layer |
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Does TAF report MSL or AGL for ceilings |
MSL you have to add GL |
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What is an AIRMET |
Airmen's metrologic report Issued to VFR pilots Mountain obscurations or IFR Moderate turb and surface winds greater than 30kts Moderate icing (zulu) 6 hours valid |
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What is a SIGMET? |
Significant weather information Issued to IFR SEVERE ICING Severe turbulence 4 hours |
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What is a convective SIGMET |
Issued for thunderstorms Winds greater than 50knots Hail 3/4 inch |
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How often are winds and temps aloft issues |
2 times a day every 24 hours |
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How are temps above 24,000 ft shown |
Negatives |
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Surface analysis chart |
8 times a day Every 3 hours Position of fronts, pressure systems, local weather, wind speed directions and obstructions |
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Preflight action required by the FAR |
NWKRAFT Notams Weather Known ATC delays Runway lengths Alternate airports Fuel Takeoff and landing distances |
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What is a NOTAM |
Notice to airman Airport construcion Taxi and runway closers Fuel service |
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Max airpseed below 25,000 |
250 kts |
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What is minimum safe altitude |
Altitude where emergency landing without undue hazard to persons or property on the surface. |
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Safe altitude over congested areas |
1000 ft above highest obstacle |
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Safe altitude in non congested areas |
500' above the surface except over open water or sparsely populated areas Over open water and sparsely populated areas 500' away from any vessel, person, vehicle, or structure |
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What is pilotage |
Using landmarks and references |
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What is dead reckoning |
Pre determined headings and performance calculations |
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What is magnetic north |
True north vs magnetic north |
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What to do if you become lost in flight the 5 C's |
Climb Circle Conserve fuel Call ATC Comply |
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How often are chart supplements updated |
Every 58 days |
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What is hypoxia |
Lack of oxygen |
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What is hyperventilating |
Increase in breathing rate |
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What are hazardous attitudes and their antitodes |
Resignation – The feeling of uselessness or inability or effect change. A pilot who exhibits resignation is an essentially a victim of circumstanceAntidote: I am not helpless. I can make a differenceAntiauthority – Disregard for regulations. This is the “Don’t tell me what to do” attitudeAntidote: Follow the rules. They are usually rightImpulsivity – Acting without thinkingAntidote: Not so fast. Think firstInvulnerability – The thought that “it can’t happen to me”Antidote: It could happen to meMacho – An attitude that “you can do it”. This is often associated with trying to impress others or show offAntidote: Taking risks is foolish |
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Hazardous attitudes RAIIM |
Resignation - helpless what's the use Anti-authority-i don't need to listen to the rules Impulsivity-doing something quick Invulnerability-it won't happen to me Macho- I can do it I can do anything |
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Weather with high pressure |
Dry Stable |
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Low pressure |
Cloudy Precipitation Windy unstable air |
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Where do you generally catch downdrafts |
Over areas of vegetation or water |
