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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Musculoskeletal system |
An integrated body system consisting of bones, joints, and muscles. |
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orthopedics |
The branch or medicine that deals with the preservation and restoration of the skeletal system, articulations, and associated structures. |
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lower limbs
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The appendage attached at the pelvic (hip) girdle, consisting of he thigh, knee, leg, ankle foot, and toes. Also called the lower extremity. |
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Sesamoid bones |
Small bones usually found in tendons that develop where there is considerable friction, tension, and physical stress; numbers vary from person to person. |
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Sutural bones |
A small located within a suture between certain cranial bones. |
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skull |
The skeleton of the head consisting of the cranial and facial bones. |
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nasal septum |
A vertical partition composed of bone (perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer) and cartilage, covered with mucous membrane, separating the nasal cavity into left and right sides. |
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hard palate |
The anterior portion of the roof of the mouth, formed by the maxillae and palatine bones and lined by mucous membrane. |
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nasal septum |
A vertical partition composed of bone (perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer) and cartilage, covered with a mucous membrane, separating the nasal cavity into the left and right sides. |
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orbit |
The bony, pyramidal-shaped cavity of the skull that holds the eyeball. |
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foramina |
Passages or openings; means of communication between two cavities of an organ, or holes in bones for passage of vessels of nerves. Singular is foramen. |
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suture |
An immovable fibrous joint that joins skull bone. |
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3. lambdoid suture |
The joint in the skull between the parietal bones and the occipital bone; sometimes contains sutural bones. |
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paranasal sinuses |
A mucus lined air cavity in a skull bone that communicates with the nasal cavity. ______ are located in the frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones. |
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fontanels |
A mesenchyme-filled space where bone formation is not yet complete, especially between the cranial bones of an infant's skull. |
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vertebral column |
The 26 vertebrae of an adult and 33 vertebrae of a child; encloses and protects the spinal cord and serves as a point of attachments for the ribs and back muscles. Also called the backbone, spine, or spinal canal. |
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vertebrae |
Bones that make up the vertebral column. |
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Intervertebral discs |
A pad of fibrocartilage located between the bodies of two vertebrae. |
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thorax |
The chest region. |
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coccyx |
The fused bones at the inferior end of the vertebral column.
like the sacrum, is triangular in shape
It is formed by the fusion of usually four coccygeal vertebrae
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xiphoid process |
The inferior portion of the sternum (breastbone). |
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upper limb |
The appendage attached at the shoulder girdle, consisting of the arm, forearm, wrist, hand, and fingers. Also called extremity. |
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carpus |
A collective term for the eight bones of the wrist. |
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carpals |
The eight bones of the wrist. |
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metacarpus |
A collective term for the five bones that make up the palm. |
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phalanges |
Bones of fingers or toes. Singular is phalanx. |
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pubic symphysis |
A slightly movable cartilaginous joint between the anterior surfaces of the hip bones. |
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ilium |
The terminal part of the small intestine. |
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tarsus |
A collective term for the seven bones of the ankle. |
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tarsal bones |
The seven bones of the ankle. |
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metatarsus |
A collective term for five bones located in the foot between the tarsals and the phalanges. |
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mesoderm |
The middle primary germ layer that gives rise to connective tissues, blood and blood vessels, and muscles. |
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ectoderm |
The primary germ layer that gives rise to the nervous system , and the epidermis of the skin and its derivatives. |
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notochord |
A flexible rod of mesodermal tissue that lies where the future vertebral column will develop and plays a role in induction. |
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mesenchyme |
An embryonic connective tissue from which all other connective tissue arise. |
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Axial skeleton |
Consists of the bones that lie around the longitudinal axisof the human body
Skull bones, auditory ossicles (ear bones), hyoid bone, ribs, sternum (breastbone), and bones of the vertebral column
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Appendicular skeleton
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Consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs (extremities), plus the bones forming the girdles that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton
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upper limbs |
The appendage attached at the shoulder girdle, consisting of the arm, forearm,wrist, hand, and fingers. Also called extremity. |
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girdles
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that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton
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Types of Bones |
Long Short Flat Irregular Sesamoid |
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Long Bones |
Greater length than width and are slightly curved for strength
Femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, phalanges
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Short bones |
Cube-shaped and are nearly equal in length and width
Carpal, tarsal
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Flat bones |
Thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone tissue enclosing a layer of spongy bone tissue
Cranial, sternum, ribs, scapulae
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Irregular bones |
Complex shapes and cannot be grouped into any of the previous categories
Vertebrae, hip bones, some facial bones, calcaneus
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surface markings |
Structural features adapted for specific functions
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There are two major types of surface markings: |
1. 1) Depressions and openings 2. Allow the passage of blood vessels and nerves or form joints 3. 4. 2) Processes |
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Frontal Bone |
Forms the forehead
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Parietal Bones |
Form the sides and roof of the cranial cavity
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Temporal Bones |
Form the lateral aspects and floor of the cranium
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Occipital Bone |
Forms the posterior part and most of the base of the cranium
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Sphenoid Bone |
Lies at the middle part of the base of the skull
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Ethmoid Bone |
Located on the midline in the anterior part of the cranial floor medial to the orbits
A major superior supporting structure of the nasal cavity
Contain thin projections called conchae which are lined by mucous membranes
Increased surface area in the nasal cavity helps to humidify inhaled air trapping inhaled particles
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Nasal Bones |
Form the bridge of the nose
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Maxillae |
Form the upper jawbone 1. Form most of the hard palate |
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Zygomatic Bones |
commonly called cheekbones, form the prominences of the cheeks
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Lacrimal Bones |
Form a part of the medial wall of each orbit
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Palatine Bones |
Form the posterior portion of the hard palate
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Inferior Nasal Conchae |
Form a part of the inferior lateral wall of the nasal cavity
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Vomer |
Forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum
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Mandible |
Lower jawbone The largest, strongest facial bone The only movable skull bone
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Unique Features of the Skull |
Sutures, Paranasal sinuses, Fontanels
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7 cervical
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are in the neck region
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12 thoracic
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are posterior to the thoracic cavity
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5 lumbar
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support the lower back
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1 sacrum
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consists of five fused sacral vertebrae
is a triangular bone formed by the union of five sacral vertebrae (S1–S5)
Serves as a strong foundation for the pelvic girdle
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Cervical Region |
Cervical vertebrae (C1–C7)
The atlas (C1) is the first cervical vertebra
The axis (C2) is the second cervical vertebra
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Thoracic Region |
Thoracic vertebrae (T1–T12)
Articulate with the ribs
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Lumbar Region |
Lumbar vertebrae (L1–L5)
Provide for the attachment of the large back muscles
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Sternum |
"Breastbone" located in the center of the thoracic wall
Consists of the manubrium, body, xiphoid process
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Ribs |
Twelve pairs of ribsgive structural support to the sides of the thoracic cavity
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Costal cartilages |
contribute to the elasticity of the thoracic cage
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