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94 Cards in this Set
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Altarpiece painted or sculptured panel or shrine that sits on, above, or behind the altar became most important new idea in painting, early in the 1300s
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ST FRANCIS ALTARPIECE by: Bonaventura Berlinghieri gold background tempera on wood figures are flat and elongated example of old tradition
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CIMABUE madonna enthroned with angels and prophets a lot of gold including a gold background proportions are off not frontal jesus is seated to the side looks like hes sitting on her lap symmetrical angels repeat to create sense of movement the colors create movement also
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GIOTTO |
very important painter revived naturalism in classical art |
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GIOTTO MADONNA ENTHRONED tried to make painting look like the real world naturalism- life like better proportions round baby face used observation to create more realistic art sense of depth |
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depth modeling |
shading art to make it look like it has depth |
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ARENA CHAPEL, PADUA GIOTTO shows events from the life of jesus paintings are frescoes have to put paint on plaster while its wet |
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giornata |
fresco section worked on in a given day 'days work' |
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GIOTTO arts try to conceal the giornata commissioned by merchant had a lot of money CAPELLA SCROVEGNI people wanted their city to be prettier than other cities spent money just to make city look better |
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patronage |
commisson |
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attribution |
who the artist is painting |
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GIOTTO BETRAYAL OF JESUS implied lines site lines color red repeats torches are repetitive lines direct you towards people balance not symmetrical (more people on one side than the other)
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DUCCIO altarpiece was taken apart, and put back together gold coloring, included to draw your eye towards the altarpiece symbol for holy place or person saints and angels are framing the center Mary and Jesus patron saints of sienna Duccio's mission was to create the most beautiful altarpiece to go in sienna alters posture of individual heads variety makes you look everybody wanted their city to be the most beautiful
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attribute |
something that a saint is holding/wearing something they are shown with that identifies them
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PALAZZO PUBBLICO, SIENNA served as government offices
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LORENZETTI showing effects of government in sienna well maintained everyone looks happy buildings are pretty dancing in the streets people who live by the rules, listen to the laws made by leaders wanted the leaders to remember there responsibility protect the citizens, be fair
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LORENZETTI people are traveling everything is peaceful good government brings order, safety, security sienna is a great city lady is holding a welcoming banner and says that if you come and hurt our citizens then you will die it's a warning want their city to be safe and secure huge timeout in renaissance because of the black death
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Renaissance |
time period when european society underwent change that distinguishes it from what came before, a turning point medieval life was left behind, and a new life style developed |
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humanism |
1. naturalism/secularism - wanted to make art more lifelike, focused on the world around them, interest in human experience (attempt to create greater naturalism) 2. individualism - a single subject, specific individual people 3. classicism- revival of interest in ancient greek and roman traditions
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quattrocento |
the 1400s |
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Florence Cathedral |
wanted to hold a competition to get a new set of doors so many good artists working in florence
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BRUNELLESCHI sacrifice of Isaac Abraham, Isaac, and the angle angle is in profile
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GHIBERTI sacrifice of Isaac Isaac is larger naturalism hes nude
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GATES OF PARADISE Lorenzo Ghiberti east doors set of baptistery doors used a new technique people in the panels foreground and background perspective linear perspective the way the people are standing lines are going to meet used linear perspective in arranging each panel to create an illusion of depth ISAAC AND HIS SONS
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DONATELLO removed sculpture from the architecture free standing, not attached to building reintroduced contrapposto understood society he lived and worked in image of nude saint would be unacceptable
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DONATELLO DAVID first nude since roman times (other than adam and eve) renaissance humanism naturalistic looking image reintroduced scale bronze sculptures contrapposto goes in someones house god was on his side standing on galieths severed head hat tells viewers that it is david the shepherd boy
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DONATELLO added orb to give the horse a forth point of contact ( so it wouldnt fall over )
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VERROCCHIO three feet down not four leaning angle makes it look norma
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MASACCIO frescoes you can see patches in the sky (meaning it was painted) Adam and eve are being told to get out eve is crying Adam is ashamed naturalism
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chiaroscuro |
way to make a natural looking figure light dark shape the figures by slowly grading tones from lighter to darker imaginary light where it hits the figure
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MASACCIO continuous narrative in 3 sections trees and mountains buildings and water setting helps separate 3 parts jesus is in the middle
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continuous narrative |
ongoing story multiple scenes
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MASACCIO patrons/donors on the bottom disciples jesus linear perspective each person creates a triangle patrons are kneeling limited amount of colors mary is looking at the viewer mary catches your eye and pulls you in
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UCCELLO -white horse is the focal point -using linear perspective (spears create sense of lines converging into center) |
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BOTTICELLI PRIMAVERA line was more prominent light and shadow lady in the middle is spring nose is very outlined shadow at jaw line jaw to chin line
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BOTTICELLI wind blowing venus to make her move towards shore rested motion focal point- nudity two figures are framing her she is the lightest color in the composition creates TRIANGULAR shape surrounded venus with negative space scallop shape is on shell, shape, shoreline, robe proportions are not naturalistic
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POLLAIUOLO battle of the ten nudes -print making -very common during the renaissance -one of the ways middle class people could own art -broadened audience and consumers for art -some prints were free standing -prints intended to go in books -shows different postures where you can see the muscles -cut up dead people -anatomy
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engraving |
much more detail woodcut very fine lines used the most
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FLORENCE CATHEDRAL dome Brunelleschi - architect roman and gothic architecture knowledge of two different styles studied pantheon weight directing the thrust very precisely innovative
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Brunelleschi PAZZI CHAPEL small scaled to human dimension supposed to walk in and feel like you fit wanted to create sense of balance for example the squares are very symmetrical central plan white walls and grey stone grey floors with white trim unification the building itself made it beautiful, not the extra stuff if the proportions were right, or a sense of unity
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Alberti Santa Maria Novella Alberti wanted to modernize it curve to some of the lines roman arches greek pediment shape at the top circles and squares
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Aberti Palazzo Rucellai renaissance works of art wealthy people divided into thirds proportional sturdier columns dont actually help just for appearance
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vitruvius |
function structure beauty - proportions |
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PERUGINO Christ delivering the keys of the kingdom to st. peter being given authority to rule to lead the christian church chosen leader identified by jesus symmetry linear perspective
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Atmospheric Persepctive |
objects get blurrier and smaller from far away horizon line is very pale blue
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Piero Della Francesca Brera Altarpiece created a semi circle instead of standing in rows or on different levels renaissance individualism sacra conversazione sacred conversation figures are so close together, one continuous space line made by hands and forearms
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The Resurrection Piero Della Francesca creates triangle people are like a rhythm powerful looking
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Alberti San't Andrea, Mantua roman arch plus greek temple unified facade made one big arch no sculptures in the alcoves 'what makes a building beautiful is proportions' would've been a much more freestanding sculpture in his day cruciform no aisle no seperate chapels
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High Renaissance |
1490-1520s |
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what two cities were the centers of art and architecture? |
FLORENCE AND ROME |
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Leonardo - self portrait |
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Leonardo - Madonna of the Rocks atmospheric perspective chirascuro people in painting are triangle looking at each other, connected pointing fingers, attributing work to him jesus is blessing him intentionally made two babies, to make you look
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Last Supper fresco Leonardo in very bad shape Jesus is the focal point centered, in front of window separated from everyone by space Jesus has his own triangle focal point through placement, shape and color Jesus is calm, everyone around him is in action lines make you look at Jesus each one has a different reaction judas is leaning back he spilled salt - bad luck no halos arch suggest halo above jesus
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Andres Serrano Black Supper (II) white and black figures
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Leonardo Mona Lisa Perspective sfumato chiaroscuro individualism because its a portrait half length, 3/4 pose portrait turned face is at a different angle than shoulders very lifelike looking at the viewer idea of woman looking at someone as equal was very rare woman barely went out in public difference in skin tone against background drew attention to face
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Michelangelo Pieta base has colored marble work of art got attacked moved it back so no one could get to it Mary holding dead body of jesus renaissance triangle jesus body is a lot smaller still holding her baby
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Michelangelo David humanist muscles stance looking at goliath very tall 16 ft can see veins in his hand
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Sistine Chapel ceiling is very long people would bring him brushes he did all of the painting himself
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Sistine Chapel Ceiling Michelangelo rectangles are more important than triangles narrative is the main thing that catches your eye ceiling is a narrative telling the story of the book of genesis reads in chronological order when you walk in made fewer figures to tell the story more clearly
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Michelangelo Creation of Adam god is putting the finishing touches on adam adam is lounging on the earth final touch and spark of life site line - looking at each other curves fit together
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Michelangelo Fall of Man
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Michelangelo Last Judgement, Sistine Chapel Altar Wall very big space jesus is the central figure good people in heaven are higher in the painting clouds are a barrier anyone above clouds is in heaven the going to hell was closer to the bottom people saw it as a warning many emotional responses painted guy who criticized him as king of hell michelangelo painted his face on bartholemew's skin |
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Raphael Marriage of the Virgin atmospheric perspective door is focal point balance added text, he signed his name and date on building
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Raphael Madonna of the meadow naturalism kids leaning on mother atmospheric and linear perspective calmness and serenity
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Raphael Papal Apartments walls are all frescoes
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Raphael School Of Athens represents scholars of the classical past appreciated and valued intelligence classicism sculptures of apollo and athena greco Roman architecture is inspired by rome, the ceiling, barrel vaults, dome focal point are people under the arch plato and Aristotle represent two different kinds of knowledge plato is pink robe, he is pointing up, he taught that everything on earth was a reflection of the perfect world Aristotle gesturing down because he said knowledge comes from observation and experience around you wearing more earth toned colors two kinds of responsibilities of the pope to lead people to god and to control them on earth model of plato is based off Leonardo person leaning on block is Michelangelo he is represented as a philosopher, because of his appearance
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Bramante Tempietto little temple dome column frieze elements from Greeks and Romans symmetrical plan mathematical symmetry and proportion make a building beautiful circles and squares represent perfection circular footprint contained within and square courtyard
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Bramantes Original Plan balance and symmetry square shape huge gigantic dome that would go over the altar built from the church out
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Michelangelo's Plan kept central dome and cruciform plan apes at end of the arms added: a front - made one side the front by putting steps and porch simplified bramantes plan made more open and visually unified built from the center out made the front much longer
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st peters basilica Rome Michelangelo wanted the ribs for visual effect wanted to extend vertical lines successful
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Palladio Villa Rotonda big house for wealthy people private for business men dome - renaissance colonnade took elements and applied them to his home very strict symmetry central plan house wanted to see all of his land in the countryside all four faces are alike each side had a good view top of the hill
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what are the three qualities of Venice painting |
-oil on canvas -color - really involved with bright, bold strong colors, they help communicate messages -mood - poesia - speak to your senses and emotions
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Giorgione Pastoral Symphony taking place out in the country had more landscape and less people emphasis on the natural setting wanted subjects to be mysterious wanted to make you look nude women and clothed men men are playing music and the women are the muses - inspiration for men's music
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Giorgione The tempest a storm is coming nervous allegory - type of personification guy is soldier holding weapon personifying bravery, courage
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Titian Assumption Of the Virgin altarpiece mary is going to heaven draw attention to painting in large church stands out visually bright colors gold and red top represents heaven used color to divide heaven and earth triangle is red site lines are centered
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titian Pesaro madonna diagonal right triangle renaissance naturalism way of uniting group of people Mary and jesus are emphasis implied site line young boy is looking at the viewer connects the viewer to the painting real world and imaginary world gateway to heaven st peter is wearing yellow and blue angels holding a cross
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titian meeting of bacchus and ariadne reflection of humanism narrative greek myth love at first site same colors are used in their skin tone looking at each other both have arm across their torso two cheetahs are signs of love he is falling in love leaving his followers behind wanted scenes of parties blue was made form minerals bright blue in the sky
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Titian Venus of Urbino white around her is the emphasis dark curtain in the background pale skin dog at the foot of the bed balances the bed venus is in the foreground ladies in the background red and green in both corners of the painting looking directly at the viewer
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Sofonisba Anguissola Portrait of the artists sisters and brothers gave his son and daughters the most humanist education
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mannerism |
wanted everything to be real looking but they were much more interested in imbalance something being not quite right makes you look
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Pontormo entombment of christ; deposition; descent from the cross all crushed into very small space (wouldnt have happened in the renaissance) bodies are too big, heads too small
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Parmigianino Madonna with the long neck proportions are off very long neck unbalanced, no mass on right side mannerism baby is huge sitting weirdly
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Bronzino Venus, Cupid Folly and time incestuous relationship mannerist artists want to make you unsettled time reveals the folly of making bad choices 'don't do stupid things, don't try to do something and keep it undercover'
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Giulio Romano (Giulio) Palazzo del Te frieze, pediments, arches, keystones decoration is unbalanced arch and pediment define an entrance keystone holds everything else in place mannerism something new trying to startle or surprise you
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Giacomo da vignola Il Gesu Church of Jesus similar to the santa maria novella use of pediment spots that are projecting textural effect emphasizing width has a dome
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CHAPTER 20 northern Europe |
northern- not italy naturalism/secularism individualism oil paint (great flexibility, more time to experiment) allowed them to do a lot more with color |
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Merode Altarpeice By campin family that owned it triptych- 3 panels/sections in a home or chapel (private) the annunciation (when mary is told by angel gabriel that she is having jesus) show religious scenes in a contemporary setting connect religion to peoples daily lives tabletop is a weird angle (makes you look at the objects on the table) flowers, book and candle (3 flowers on 1 stem- trinity) trying to show specific moment in type jesus is coming out of the window and going to light on marys tummy different seasons in wing (spring annunciation, winter birth of jesus) right- joseph building something in carpenter shop (related to mary) building a mousetrap - mouse is evil left daniel - patron and his wife witnessing
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Jan Van eyck Ghent Altarpiece patrons are on the bottom outside (people wearing red) wanted to make cathedral more beautiful and impressive red focuses your attention god is in the center outside edges are adam and eve variation in skin tone naturalism angels heaven bottom is earth triangle on bottom lamb is a symbol for jesus red and green contrast with each other
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Jan Van Eyck Arnolfini Marriage clothes, they are wealthy transfer of property and ownership mirror is to show they are wealthy if you look in the mirror you see a wedding property transaction one candle thats burning on chandellier gods presence dog represents loyalty next to mirror are beads, they are casting shadows
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Jan Van Eyck Man in a Red Turban self portrait of himself wanted to be remembered color to create light and shadow and texture advertised what he could do
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Rogier Deposition taking jesus body off of cross to prepare for burial originally part of an altarpiece center panel figures are very crisp outlines are very sharp and clear definite form jesus is in the center, he is very pale stands out against stronger colors created balance by using foreground visual pattern creates more visual weight pattern looks like it takes up more space bodies are both bent in the arch can see tear drop running down faces everybody has a white collar or vail or jar except one, john. at the end of his robe is a white skull
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Dirk Bouts Last Supper disciples seated at the table tile floor jesus is center black and red clothing
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Limbourg Brothers Très Riches Heures Du duc De Berry book of hours prayer book for personal devotions help you know what prayers are supposed to be said in the morning and the evening prayers in different points in the year international gothic figures are elongated and look delicate for upper class art meant to look expensive traveled from court to court to spread cycle of the year peasants are happy and healthy looking |
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Limbourg Brothers Annunciation from Tres Riches Heures brothers died unfinished |
