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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In an automatic processor, which of the following will not be found between the developer solution and the fixer solution.
-cross-over rack -squeegee rollers -guide plates -entrance rollers |
entrance rollers
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Replenishment pumps are activated each time a film passes through ____.
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Entrance rollers
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The typical developer temperature range for a 90 second automatic processor is _____.
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92-96 F
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To prevent over replenishment, a 14 X 17 film size should be run through the processor _____.
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Crosswise
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If film has been properly stored and protected from extraneous fogging, the base-fog at the "toe" portion of the H&D curve should not exceed ____.
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0.22
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At a density level of 1.0 plus base fog, the H&D curve for film A lies to the left of that from film B. This means film ____ is faster.
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A
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What measurement is taken when the densitometer is located over the clear part of the image?
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Base plus fog
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Only silver halide crystals that contain _____ are reduced to metallic silver by the addition of the developer solution.
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The latent image
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In film processing chemistry, the fixer solution has the following pH:
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Acid
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What helps prevent oxidation of the developer?
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Preservative
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The functions of the fixer in film processing are
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Remove the unexposed silver bromide crystals, and harden the emulsion
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Exposed silver halide crystals are changed to black metallic silver by the ______ of the developer solution
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reducers
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The proper developer action will occur in a/an _______ solution
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alkaline
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The addition of restrainers in the developer solutions will tend to prevent the development of unexposed silver halide crystals, thus reducing _____.
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chemical fogging
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The stage of processing in which the latent image is converted into the manifest image is called _____
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development
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During automatic processing, solution carryover between the developer and fixer tanks is prevented by the ______
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squeegee rollers
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the instrument used to measure varying degrees of film exposure, particularly in quality assurance testing is a ______
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densitometer
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the best device used to give a predetermined exposure to a film in order to test its response to processing is called the ______
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sensitometer
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Film speed depends on the size of the silver halide crystals. The larger the crystals, the ______ the film
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Faster
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How should boxes of unexposed film be stored?
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Vertically
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Storage areas that may fog film would be
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too hot
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Extremely low humidity can lead to what?
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Static electrical discharge
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The latent image is the invisible image formed by the action of the x-rays and the ______
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crystals in the emulsion
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Small amounts of impurities are added to the silver halide crystals in the film, these are called _____
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sensitivity speck
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A typical film emulsion is composed of _______
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Gelatin and silver halide crystals
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The principle silver halide molecule found in modern radiographic film is _____
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silver bromide
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What is the outermost layer of the radiographic film called?
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Supercoat
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What type of film is designed to respond specifically to x-radiation and not to light emitted from intensifying screens?
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Direct exposure film
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the theory of latent image formation was first proposed in 1938 by _____
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Gurney and Mott
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Film should not be stored longer than _______
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45-60 Days
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The proper humidity for film storage is ______
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30-60%
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Film stored in high humidity will cause
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Condensation
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In reference to silver halide crystal size, the ______ the crystal the higher the resolution
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smaller
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in reference to emulsion layer thickness, the thicker the emulsion layer the _______the film speed
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faster
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Which portion of the characteristic curve represents the useful exposure range?
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Straight line portion
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The steeper the straight line portion of a characteristic curve for a particular film, the _____
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higher the contrast
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During automatic processing, the proper order of steps between fixation, drying, washing, and development is
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Development, fixation, washing, drying
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The principle cause of oxidation of the automatic developer solution is the exposure to _____
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air
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the major function of the clearing agent (fixer) is to remove _____ from the emulsion during processing
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unexposed silver halide crystals
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What is more likely to cause contamination of developer?
-over-replenishment -underdevelopment -developing too many films -fixer splashed into developer |
fixer splashed into developer
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If films begin to yellow after being in storage for a long time, there might be a problem with which stage of the processing cycle?
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Fixation
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What system best achieves agitation, continuous mixing and filtration of the processing solutions?
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circulation system
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the evaluations of the response of film to exposure, processing, and conditions is called
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sensitometry
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What area of the curve represents the maximum level of density present on the film?
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Shoulder
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the measure of average gradient is also used to describe the ___ of the film
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latitude
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film speed is affected by which of the following?
-processing time -solution temperature -chemical activity -all of the above |
all of the above
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the ability of a film to show detail is termed
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resolution
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The thicker the emulsion the _____ the film speed
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Faster
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Increased developer temperature will ____ film density
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increase
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The higher the average gradient the ____ the film contrast
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Higher
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The measure of average gradient is also used to describe the _____ of the flim
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contrast
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radiographic films that are capable of responding to a wide range of exposures to produce OD within the straight line portion of the curve are said to have _____ latitude
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Wide
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Narrow latitude films exhibit _____ contrast
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High
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Identify the order of the processor:
Tank 1- Tank 2- Tank 3- Final stage- |
Tank 1- Developer
Tank 2- Fixer Tank 3- Wash Final stage- Dryer |