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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
sociology |
the scientific study of social behavior and human groups |
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sociological imagination |
C. Wright Mills: an awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society both today and in the past |
drinking tea: health benefits, tradition or ritual, caffeine addiction, or social activity? |
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functionalist perspective |
emphasizes the way that the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability |
organs in the body |
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conflict perspective |
assume that social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power and the allocation of resources |
competition for finite amount of money, cycle of poverty, elitism |
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interactionist perspective |
generalize about everyday forms of social interaction in order to understand society as a whole |
CEO and receptionist: hanging jacket, laughing at jokes, etc add to status inequality |
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scientific method |
a systematic organized series of steps that assures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem 1). define the problem 2). review the literature 3). formulate the hypothesis 4). select the research design and collect/analyze data 5). develop the conclusion |
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survey |
a study generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire that provides researchers with information about how people think or act |
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ethnography |
the study of an entire social setting through extended systematic observation |
live as a gang member in chicago for 9 months to learned about structure and power in street gangs |
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experiment |
an artificially created situation that allows the researcher to manipulate variables |
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secondary analysis |
a variety of research techniques that make use of previously collected and publicly accessible info and data |
census |
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culture |
the totality of learned socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior |
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socialization |
the process through which people learn the attitudes, values and behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture |
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society |
a large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside of it, and participate in a common culture |
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ethnocentrism |
the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm and are superior to others' |
someone thinks another culture's food is weird |
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cultural relativism |
the evaluation of a people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture |
non-translatable slang words that only make sense to someone who speaks the language |
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subculture |
a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of customs, rules, and traditions that differ from the pattern of the larger society |
queer culture, alcoholics anonymous, nudists |
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counterculture |
a subculture conspicuously and deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture |
hippies, polygamists |
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norms |
established standards of behavior that are maintained by a society |
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folkways |
norms governing everyday behavior and its violation raises little concern |
table manners, greetings |
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mores |
norms that are deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society and the violation can lead to severe punishment |
pedophilia |
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the looking glass self |
Charles Horton Cooley: emphasizes that the self is the product of our social interactions with other people 1). we imagine how we present ourselves to others 2). we imagine how others evaluate us 3). we develop some sort of feeling about ourselves, such as respect or shame, as a result of these impressions |
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cognitive theory of development |
Jean Piaget: 1). sensorimotor stage: young children use their senses to make discoveries 2). preoperational stage: children begin to use words and symbols to distinguish objects and ideas 3). concrete operational stage: children engage in more logical thinking 4). formal operational stage: adolescents capable of sophisticated, abstract thought you and deal with ideas and values in a logical manner |
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social interactions |
ways in which people respond to one another |
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social structure |
the way in which society is organized into predictable relationships |
institutions (religion, politics) limit behaviors |
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status |
any of a full range of socially defined positions within a large group or society |
parental, economic |
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ascribed status |
assigned to a person by society without regard to the person's unique talents or characteristics |
gender, ethnicity |
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achieved status |
comes largely through one's own efforts |
marital, occupational |
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social roles |
a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status |
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groups |
any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis |
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primary group |
a small group characterized by intimate face to face association and cooperation |
family |
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secondary group |
a formal impersonal group in which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding |
classroom or workplace |
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gemeinschaft |
Tonnies: typical of rural life; a small community in which people have similar backgrounds and life experiences |
community, Amish |
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gesellschaft |
Tonnies: large and impersonal with little commitment to the group or consensus in values |
society (post-industrial revolution), a modern business |
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bureaucracy |
efficiency and productivity 1). division if labor 2). hierarchy of authority 3). written rules and regulations 4). impersonality 5). employment based on technical qualifications |
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