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173 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Alveoli |
Tiny air sac in lungs where gases are exchanges between the atmosphere and the blood in respiration. Small hollow cavity |
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Bronchiole |
One of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes |
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Bronchus |
One of the larger air passageways in the lungs. Begin as two branches of the trachea and then subdivide within the lungs |
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Carbon dioxide |
Gas produced by energy metabolism in cells and eliminated through the lungs |
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Carbonic acid |
Acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water |
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Compliance |
A measure of how easily the lungs expand under pressure |
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Diaphragm |
Done shaped muscle under the lungs that flattens during inspiration |
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Epiglottis |
Leaf- shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea |
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Expectoration |
Act of coughing up material from the respiratory tract, material is sputum |
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Expiration |
act of breathing out or expelling air from lungs, exhalation |
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Glottis |
Opening between the vocal cords |
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Hemoglobin |
Iron containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen |
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Inspiration |
Act of drawing air into lungs. Inhalation |
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Larynx |
The enlarged superior portion of the trachea that contains vocal cords |
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Lung |
Cone shaped, spongy respiratory organ contained within the thorax |
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Mediastinum |
Space between lungs together with the organs contained in this space |
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Nose |
Organ of the face used for breathing and for housing receptors for the sense of smell includes external portion and internal nasal cavity |
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Oxygen |
Gas needed by all cells to release energy from food during metabolism |
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Palatine tonsils |
Paired masses of lymphoid tissue located on either side of the oropharynx |
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Pharynx |
Throat, common passageway for food entering the esophagus and air entering the larynx |
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Phrenic nerve |
Nerve that activates the diaphragm |
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Pleura |
Double layered membrane that lines the thoracic cavity ( parietal pleura) and covers the lungs ( visceral pleura) |
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Pleural space |
Thin, fluid filled space between the two layers of the pleura, pleural cavity |
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Pulmonary ventilation |
Movement of air in and out of lungs |
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Sinus |
Cavity or channel, paranasal sinuses are located near nose and drain Into nasal cavity |
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Sputum |
Substance release by coughing or clearing the throat, expectoration |
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Surfactant |
Substance that decreases surface tension within the alveoli and eases lung expansion |
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Trachea |
Air passageway that extends from the larynx to the bronchi |
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Turbinate bines |
Bony projections in the nasal cavity that contain receptors for the sense of smell also called conchae |
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Vocal cords |
Membranous folds on either side of the larynx that are important in speech production |
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-pnea |
Breathing |
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-oxia |
Level of oxygen |
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-capnia |
Level of carbon dioxide |
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-phonia |
Voice |
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nas/o |
Nose |
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rhin |
Nose |
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pharyng/o |
Pharynx |
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Laryng/o |
Larynx |
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Trache/o |
Trachea |
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Bronch/o, bronch/i |
Bronchus |
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Bronchiol |
Bronchiole |
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Phren/o |
Diaphragm |
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Phrenic/ o |
Phrenic nerve |
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Pleur/o |
Pleura |
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Pulm/o, pulmon/o |
Lung |
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Pneumon/o |
Lung |
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Pneum/o, pneumat |
Air, gas, respiration, lung |
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Spir/ o |
Breathing |
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Acidosis |
Abnormal acidity of body fluids, caused by high levels of carbon dioxide |
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS) |
Pulmonary edema that can lead rapidly to fatal respiratory failure causes include trauma, aspiration into lungs, viral pneumonia and drug reactions |
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Acute rhinitis |
Inflammation of the nasal mucosa with sneezing, tearing, and profuse secretion of watery mucus |
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Alkalosis |
Abnormal alkalinity of body fluids caused by low carbon dioxide levels |
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Aspiration |
Accidental inhalation of food or other foreign material into lungs, also means withdrawal of fluid from a cavity by suction |
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Asthma |
Disease characterized by dys pnea and wheezing caused by spasm of the bronchial tubes or swelling of their mucous membranes |
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Atelectasis |
Incomplete expansion of a lung or part of lung, lung collapse |
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Bronchiectasis |
Chronic dilation of bronchus or bronchi |
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Bronchitis |
Inflammation of brochus |
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
Any group of chronic, progressive, and debilitating respiratory diseases, which include emphysema, asthma, bronchitis, and Bronchiectasis |
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Cystic fibrosis (CF) |
Inherited disease that affects the pancreas, respiratory system, and sweat glands characterized by mucus accumulation in the bronchi causing obstruction and leading to infection |
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Diphtheria |
Acute infectious disease usually limited to the upper respiratory tract characterized by formation of a surface pseudomembrane composed of cells and coagulated material |
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Emphysema |
Chronic pulmonary disease characterized by enlargement and destruction of the alveoli |
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PPD |
Purified protein derivative (TB) |
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R |
Respiration |
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RDS |
Respiratory distress syndrome |
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RML |
Right middle lobe (lung) |
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RSV |
Respiratory syncytial virus |
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RV |
Residual volume |
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SARS |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome |
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T & A |
Tonsil and adenoids, tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
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TGV |
Thoracic gas volume |
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TLC |
Total lung capacity |
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Pleurisy |
Inflammation of the pleura ( pleuritis) a symptom is sharp pain on breathing |
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TV |
Tidal volume |
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URI |
Upper respiratory infection |
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VC |
Vital capacity |
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Pneumoconiosis |
Disease of the respiratory tract caused by inhalation of dust particles |
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Pneumonia |
Inflammation of lungs generally caused by infection |
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Pneumonitis |
Inflammation of lungs caused by infection, asthma, allergy, or inhalation of irritants |
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Pneumothorax |
Accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space. May result from injury or disease. Or may be produced artificially to collapse a lung |
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Pyothorax |
Accumulation of pus in the pleural space, Empyema |
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Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) |
Respiratory disorder that affects premature infants born without enough surfactant in lungs |
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Tuberculosis |
Infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus ( mycobacterium tuberculosis) involves lungs and other parts of body possibly.. Military tb is acute generalized form of the disease with formation of minute tubercles that resemble millet seeds |
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Arterial blood gases (ABGs) |
Concentration of gases specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood. Reported as the partial pressure (P) of the gas in arterial blood |
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Bronchoscope |
Endoscope used to examine tracheobronchial passways also allows access for tissue biopsy or removal of foreign object |
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Empyema |
Accumulation of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural space. Pyothorax |
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Lung scan |
Study based on accumulation of radioactive isotopes in lung tissue |
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Pulmonary function test |
Test done to asses breathing, usually by spirometry |
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Spirometer |
Apparatus used to measure breathing volumes and capacities |
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Thoracentesis |
Surgical puncture of test for removal of air or fluids |
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Carina |
Projection of lowest tracheal cartilage that forms a ridge between the two bronchi. Any ridge or ridge like structure |
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Hilum |
Anatomic depression in an organ where vessels and nerves enter |
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Nares |
External opening of nose |
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Nasal septum |
Partition that divides the nasal cavity into two parts |
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Asphyxia |
Condition caused by inadequate intake of oxygen, suffocation |
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Biot respirations |
Deep fast breathing interrupted by sudden pauses seen in central nervous system disorders |
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Hemoptysis |
Spitting of blood from mouth or respiratory tract |
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Bronchospasm |
Narrowing of the bronchi caused by smooth muscle spams, common in asthma and bronchitis |
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Cheyne- Stokes respirations |
Repeating cycle of gradually increases and then Decreased respiration followed by a period of apnea |
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Cor pulmonale |
Enlargement of hearts right ventricle caused by disease of lungs or pulmonary blood vessels |
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Coryza |
Acute inflammation of nasal passages with profuse nasal discharge |
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Croup |
Childhood disease usually caused by viral infection that involves upper airway inflammation and obstruction |
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Deviated septum |
Shifted nasal septum may require surgical correction |
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Epiglottitis |
Inflammation of epiglottis that may lead to upper airway obstruction |
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Epistaxis |
Hemorrhage drone nose, nose bleed |
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Fremitus |
A vibration felt through chest wall on Palpation |
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Kussmaul respirations |
Rapid and deep gasping respirations without pause characteristic of severe acidosis |
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Hemothorax |
Presence of blood in the pleural space |
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Pleural friction rub |
Sound heard in auscultation that is produced by rubbing together of two pleural layers |
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Rales |
Abnormal chest sounds heard when air enters small airways or alveoli containing fluid, usually heard during inspiration |
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Rhonchi |
Abnormal chest sound produced in airways with accumulated fluids. More noticeable during expiration |
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Stridor |
Harsh high pitched sound caused by obstruction of a upper air passageway |
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Tussis |
Cough |
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Byssinosis |
Obstructive airway disease caused by reaction to the dust in unprocessed plant fibers |
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Small cell carinoma |
Highly malignant type of bronchial tumor involving small undifferentiated cells |
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Mediastinoscopy |
Examination of mediastinum by endoscope inserted through incision above the sternum |
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Plethysmograph |
Instrument used to measure changes in gas volume and pressure during respiration |
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Pneumotachometer |
Devices used for measuring air flow |
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Hydrothorax |
Presence of fluid in the pleural space |
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Thoracoscopy |
Examination of pleural cavity through endoscope, pleuroscopy |
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Aerosol therapy |
Treatment by inhalation of drug |
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Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) |
Use of mechanical respirator to maintain pressure throughout the respiratory cycle |
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Extubation |
Removal of previously inserted tube |
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Intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) |
Use of ventilator to inflate lungs at intervals under positive pressure during inhalation |
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Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) |
Use of mechanical ventilator to force air into lungs while allowing for passive exhalation |
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Orthopneic position |
Upright or semi upright position that aids breathing |
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Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) |
Mechanical ventilator to increase volume of gas in lungs at end of exhalation, thus improving gas exchange |
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Postural drainage |
Use of body position to drain secretions from lungs by gravity |
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Thoracic gas volume (TGV) |
Volume of gas in the thoracic cavity calculated from measurements made with body plethysmograph |
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Hyperventilation |
Increased rate and depth of breathing, increased in the amount of air entering the alveoli |
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Intubation |
Insertion of a tube into a hollow organ, larynx or trachea for entrance of air |
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Pneumonoplasty |
Plastic surgery of lung |
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Tracheotomy |
Incision of the trachea through neck |
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Tracheostomy |
Surgical creation of an opening into trachea to form an airway or to prepare for the insertion of a tube for ventilation |
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Antihistamine |
Agent that prevents responses mediated by histamine, allergic and inflammatory reactions |
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Antitussive |
Prevents or relieves cough |
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Asthma maintenance drug |
Agent used to prevent asthma attacks and for chronic asthma treatment |
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Bronchodilator |
Drug relieves brochial spasms and widens the bronchi |
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Corticosteroid |
Hormone from adrenal cortex used to reduce inflammation |
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Expectorant |
Agent that aids in removal of bronchopulmonary secretions |
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Hypoventilation |
Decreased rate and depth of breathing decrease in the amount of air entering the alveoli |
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Isoniazid (INH) |
Drug used to treat tuberculosis |
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Leukotriene antagonist |
Drug that prevents or reduces inflammation by inhibiting leikotrienes, substances made in white blood cells that promote inflammation, they also constrict bronchi and increase mucus production |
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Mucolytic |
Agent that loosens mucus to aid in its removal |
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Rifampin ( rifampicin) |
Drug used to treat tb |
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AFB |
Acid fast bacillus |
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ARDS |
Acute respiratory distress syndrome |
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ARD |
Acute respiratory failure |
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BCG |
Bacillus calmette- guerin (tb vaccine) |
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BS |
Breath sounds |
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C |
Compliance |
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Influenza |
Acute, contagious respiratory infection causing fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain |
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CF |
Cystic fibrosis |
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COLD |
Chronic obstructive lung disease |
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COPD |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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DTaP |
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (vaccine) |
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ERV |
Expiratory reserve volume |
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FEV |
Forced expiratory volume |
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FRC |
Functional residual capacity |
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FVC |
Forced vital capacity |
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HPS |
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome |
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IC |
Inspiratory capacity |
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Pertussis |
Acute, infectious disease characterized by cough ending in a whooping inspiration, whooping cough |
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IGRA |
Interferon gamma release assay ( test for TB) |
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INH |
Isoniazid |
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IRV |
Inspiratory reserve volume |
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MEFR |
Maximal expiratory flow |
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MMFR |
Maximum midexpiratory flow rate |
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NAA |
Nucleic acid amplification |
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PCP |
Pneumocystis pneumonia |
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PEFR |
Peak expiratory flow rate |
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PIP |
Peak inspiration pressure |
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PND |
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea |
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Pleural effusion |
Accumulation of fluid in pleural space, fluid may contain blood or pus |