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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The requirements and desires that lead humans and other animals to behave in particular ways at particular times and places are called ________.
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Motivations
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Homeostasis is most like which of the following
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a thermostat
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Which of these is the correct sequence of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs from the lowest to the highest?
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physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, cognitive, aesthetic, self-actualization
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When you have an unmet goal that will not fulfill a requirement, the condition is called a(n) ________.
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Want
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Ethan is an award-winning swimmer. His desire to compete and win is part of his need for ________.
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achievement
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The facial feedback hypothesis is defined as _______________.
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the process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed
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You overhear a psychologist presenting a lecture to an introductory psychology class. The teacher mentions "purposeful behavior that may be based on some internal or biological drive, or may be based on learning." You recognize that he is talking about which type of behavior?
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motivated
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Which sequence of events in emotional responses is characteristic of the James-Lange theory of emotion?
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stimulus --> physiological changes --> emotion
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An innate emotion that all humans share is called a(n) _______.
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Basic emotion
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An internal imbalance that motivates humans and other animals to achieve a goal that will reduce the imbalance is called a(n) ____________.
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Drive
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The first systematic surveys of sexual behavior were conducted in the 1940s by ________.
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Alfred Kinsley
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Jerry gets a great deal of fulfillment out of visiting the new art exhibits at the museum in town. He usually visits each exhibit several times during a show and finds beauty in a variety of different types of art works. Jerry is likely to visit the new exhibits in an effort to meet a(n) _______________ need.
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aesthetic
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Which theory of emotion states that your body reacts before you experience an emotion?
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James lange
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According to ________ , emotions arise from a combination of brain and body reactions and interpretations, along with memories that pertain to the situation.
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LeDoux's theory
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Charles Darwin believed that the outward behavior associated with emotion is _______.
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inborn
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Which of the following activities is inconsistent with drive-reduction theory?
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Eating when you are not hungry
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Jenna skipped dinner last night to stay up late studying for her final exam. She went to bed at 6 a.m. and had to be at class by 8 a.m. Her alarm clock did not go off as scheduled, and she raced out the door without eating. As a result, she was very distracted by hunger pangs and lack of energy while taking the test. She later learned that she failed her exam. Jenna could have likely performed better on her final if she had better met a_______________ need before the final.
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physiological
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________ indicate when, to whom, and how strongly certain emotions can be shown.
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Display rules
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Which of the following examples best represents the Yerkes-Dodson Law?
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Dan plays his best games when they mean the most to the team and his arousal is moderately high.
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According to the facial feedback hypothesis, when Noah complies with instructions to smile and look happy, it is most likely that __________.
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his positive feelings will increase
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Paul Ekman and his colleagues gathered abundant evidence supporting the universality of _______ basic facial expressions of emotion.
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six
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The ______ theory of emotion states that the experience of emotion occurs simultaneously with biological changes.
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cannon bard
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A famed psychologist claims that motivated behaviors result from an effort to reduce tension caused by bodily needs such as hunger or thirst. This psychologist's philosophy most closely matches ______ theory.
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Drive
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The idea that we function best with moderate levels of arousal is called ________.
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Yerkes-Dodson law
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It is possible to interpret bodily arousal incorrectly. When this happens, it is called ____________.
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misattribution of arousal
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Which of the following is not a common sign of deception?
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smaller pupil sizes
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Certain researchers have found slight differences in the brain structure known as the ________ in homosexual versus heterosexual men.
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hypothalamus
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Which of the following is the correct definition of emotion?
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an aspect of consciousness characterized by a certain physical arousal involving facial and bodily changes, brain activation, and tendencies toward action, all shaped by cultural rules
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The idea that bodily arousal and the experience of emotion arise in tandem forms the essence of ________.
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Cannon-Bard theory
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According to your text, which if the following is important evidence against James-Lange theory?
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People with spinal cords injuries reported have emotion
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To explain the human universality and variability of emotions, Ekman and his associates ______________.
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developed a concept of "display rules," which are rules for emotional expression
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Physical arousal has to be interpreted cognitively before it is experienced as a specific emotion, according to ____________.
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Schachter and Singer
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_______________ can vary from culture to culture and are socially acceptable ways of showing emotion in public settings.
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Display rules
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Which statement about motivation is true?
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Motivation energizes and directs behavior.
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Research suggests that variations in weight may be as much as ________ inherited.
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70
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According to drive theory of motivation, what occurs each time a behavior results in drive reduction?
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Tension is reduced
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A famed psychologist claims that motivated behaviors result from an effort to reduce tension caused by bodily needs such as hunger or thirst. This psychologist's philosophy most closely matches ______ theory.
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Drive
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Male characteristics such as beard growth and a deep voice are caused by ________.
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adrogrems
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In order to study our ability to read non-verbal body cues about emotions, researchers attached small lights to ________, and found that undergraduates were able to correctly determine the emotion being communicated simply by watching the movement of the lights in a dark room.
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dancers
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The ____________ theory of motivation suggests a connection between internal physical states and outward behavior.
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Drive
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___________ proposed that two things have to happen before emotion occurs: physical arousal and labeling.
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Schachter and Singer
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The requirements and desires that lead humans and other animals to behave in particular ways at particular times and places are called ________.
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motivations
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Physical arousal has to be interpreted cognitively before it is experienced as a specific emotion, according to ____________.
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Schachter and Singer
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Erica saw her old boyfriend and her heart began to race. According to cognitive theory, is she happy to see him or frightened of him?
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It depends on how she interprets the situation.
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Which division of the nervous system is working when we experience emotions?
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sympathetic division of the nervous system
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Which statement represents a major problem associated with survey research into sexual behavior?
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The data likely come from a biased sample.
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The notion that our bodies prefer to be at a certain weight is particularly consistent with the notion of ________.
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set point theory
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What do we call an unalterable, innate pattern of behavior?
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an instinct
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The concept of "comfort food" suggests that eating _________________.
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may be influenced by emotional factors
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It is possible to interpret bodily arousal incorrectly. When this happens, it is called ____________.
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misattribution of arousal
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You are walking through a store when you run into a friend you have not seen in a long time and whom you miss very much. According to the James-Lange theory, what might happen?
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You experience physiological changes followed by a feeling of happiness.
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Researchers suggest that ________ of the variability in happiness may be the result of heredity.
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at least 50%
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Which level of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy is epitomized by the U.S. Army's slogan "Be all that you can be"?
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self-actualization
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Feeling full seems to be governed in large part by the neurotransmitter ________.
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serotonin
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"I think I'm afraid; therefore, I am afraid." Name the theory of emotion that this statement characterizes.
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cognitive theory
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Salmon swimming upstream to spawn are an example of ______.
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insistent
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Which is the best explanation of the Cannon-Bard theory?
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Bodily arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously.
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Which theory of emotion emphasizes the role of the hypothalamus?
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The Cannon-Bard theory
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The notion that our bodies prefer to be at a certain weight is particularly consistent with the notion of ________.
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set point theory
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According to Maslow, the motive of self-actualization makes one want _________.
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to fulfill one's potential
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According to Abraham Maslow, developing one's potential to its fullest extent results in ___________.
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self-actualization
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