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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Accuracy
|
How closely a measured value agrees with the correct
value (see Appendix A-4). |
|
Atom
|
The smallest particle of an element that maintains its
chemical identity through all chemical and physical changes. |
|
Atomic number
|
The number of protons in the nucleus of an
atom. |
|
Calorie
|
Defined as exactly 4.184 joules. Originally defined as
the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C. |
|
Chemical change
|
A change in which one or more new substances
are formed |
|
Chemical property
|
Chemical properties are exhibited as matter undergoes chemical changes
|
|
Compound
|
A substance composed of two or more elements in
fixed proportions. Compounds can be decomposed into their constituent elements. |
|
Density
|
Mass per unit volume
|
|
Element
|
A substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler
substances by chemical means. |
|
Endothermic
|
Describes processes that absorb heat energy.
|
|
Energy
|
The capacity to do work or transfer heat
|
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Exothermic
|
Describes processes that release heat energy.
|
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Extensive property
|
A property that depends on the amount of
material in a sample. |
|
Heat
|
The amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of a body one degree Celsius |
|
Heterogeneous mixture
|
A mixture that does not have uniform
composition and properties throughout. |
|
Homogeneous mixture
|
A mixture that has uniform composition
and properties throughout. |
|
Intensive property
|
A property that is independent of the
amount of material in a sample. |
|
Joule
|
A unit of energy in the SI system.
|
|
Kinetic energy
|
Energy that matter possesses by virtue of its
motion |
|
Heat capacity
|
The amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of a body one degree Celsius |
|
Law of Conservation of Energy
|
Energy cannot be created or
destroyed in a chemical reaction or in a physical change; it may be changed from one form to another. |
|
Law of Conservation of Matter
|
No detectable change occurs
in the total quantity of matter during a chemical reaction or during a physical change. |
|
Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy
|
The combined amount of matter and energy in the universe is fixed.
|
|
Law of Constant Composition
Law of Definite Proportions |
Different samples of any pure
compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass |
|
Mass
|
A measure of the amount of matter in an object. Mass is
usually measured in grams or kilograms |
|
Matter
|
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
|
|
Mixture
|
A sample of matter composed of variable amounts of
two or more substances, each of which retains its identity and properties. |
|
Molecule
|
The smallest particle of an element or compound
that can have a stable independent existence |
|
Physical change
|
A change in which a substance changes from
one physical state to another, but no substances with different compositions are formed. |
|
Physical property
|
Physical properties are exhibited by matter with
no changes in chemical composition |
|
Potential energy
|
Energy that matter possesses by virtue of its
position, condition, or composition |
|
Precision
|
How closely repeated measurements of the same
quantity agree with one another |
|
Properties
|
Characteristics that describe samples of matter.
|
|
Scientific (natural) law
|
A general statement based on the observed
behavior of matter, to which no exceptions are known |
|
Significant figures
|
Digits that indicate the precision of
measurements—digits of a measured number that have uncertainty only in the last digit |
|
Specific gravity
|
The ratio of the density of a substance to the
density of water at the same temperature. |
|
Specific heat
|
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature
of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius. |
|
Substance
|
Any kind of matter all specimens of which have the
same chemical composition and physical properties |
|
Symbol (of an element)
|
A letter or group of letters that represents
(identifies) an element. |
|
Temperature
|
A measure of the intensity of heat, that is, the
hotness or coldness of a sample or object. |
|
Unit factor
|
A factor in which the numerator and denominator
are expressed in different units but represent the same or equivalent amounts. Multiplying by a unit factor is the same as multiplying by one. |
|
Weight
|
A measure of the gravitational attraction of the earth
for a body. |