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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Determined by matter energy organization and information
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cell strucutre
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the complete gentic composition of a cell
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genome
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unit of heredity that contributes to the characterisitics of an organisim
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gene
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lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus
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prokaryotes
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bacteria and archaea are classifed as
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prokaryotes
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double layer of phosoplipids that forms barrier between cells and its external enviorment
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plasma membrane
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region of the cell that is contained within the plasma membrane
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cytoplasm
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where the genetic material is located
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nucleoid region
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strucutre composed of proteins
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ribosomes
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support and protets the plasma membrane and cytoplasm
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cell wall
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traps water and helps protect bacteria from dying out
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glycocalyx
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surrounds the bacterium
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glycocalyx
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allows prokaryotes to attach to surfaces and to each other
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pili
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provides prokaryotes with motility
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flagella
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fungi plants and animals are all
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eukaryotes
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a subcellular structure or membrane-bound compartment with its own function
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organelle
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chlorplasts cell wall and central vacuoles
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plant cells
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lack lysosomes and centrioles
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plant cells
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found in centrosomes
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centrioles
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chemical reactions where cells produce energy that is nessacary for life
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metabolism
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metabolic pathway involved in breakdown of karge molecules into small molecules
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catabolism
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synthesis of cellular molecules that requires input of energy
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anabolism
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has 3 different filaments microtubles intermdeiate filaments and actin filaments
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cytoskeleton
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protein filament important for cell shape organization and movement
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microtubule
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helps maintain cell shape and rigidity has a permanent shape
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intermediate filament
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supports plasma membrane (smaller than microtubules)
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actin filaments
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consists of a head tail and a hinge
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motor proteins
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uses ATP as a source of energy to promote movement
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motorp proteins
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used to move cargo bend a filament or move a filament
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motor proteins
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base of flagella or cilia where microtubules grow, ancohrored on plasma membrane
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basal body
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enclosings the nucleus ER Golgi apparatus lysosomes vacuoles and plasma membrane
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Endomembrane System
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small membrane enclosed sac within a cell used to pass materials
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vesicle
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double membrane whose outer leaflet is linked to the rough ER
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nuclear membrane
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encloses the nucleus
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nuclear envelope
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a passageway for the movement of molecules into and out of the nucleus
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nuclear pores
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organizes chromosomes
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nuclear matrix
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synthesizes proteins into ER
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ribosomes
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the attachment of carbohydrates to a protein or lipid producing a glycoprotein
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glycosylation
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studded with ribosomes and synthesizes proteins
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Rough Er
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syntheiizes lipids
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smooth er
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receives material from ER and process and packages for export
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golgi apparatus
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material inside a cell is packaged into vesicles and excreted into the extracellular medium
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exocytosis
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brings substances intot he cell
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endocytosis
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contain acid hydrolaes that perfrom hydrolysos
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lysosomes
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uses water to break a covalent bond, enzyme found in lysosomes
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acid hydrolases
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breaks down proteins carbs nucleic acids and lipids
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acid hydrolases
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recycling of worn out organelles through endocytosis
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lysosomes
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containtfluid and sometimes solid substances
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vacuoles
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maintains structure of plant cells and is nessacary for growth of plants
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turgor pressure
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catalyzes doxifying reactions
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preoxisomes
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movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane
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membrane transport
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cells sensing changes in their enviorment and communicating with each other
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cell signaling
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allows cell to bind to each other
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cell adhesion
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supplies most of a cells ATP
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mitochondria
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can grow and divide to reproduce, depends on other parts of cells for their internal compartments
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semiautonomous organelles
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mitochondria and chloroplasts
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semiautonomous organelles
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has own DNA divides by binary fission
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Mitochondria
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capture light energy and uses it to synthesize glucose
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chloroplasts (photosyntheisis)
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process of cell division in bacteria
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binary fission
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smaller species lives inside the bigger speceies, symbyotic relationship
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endosymbiosis
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