Chapter 9 Urinary System

Front 1

nephr/o,ren/o

Back 1

-Kidneys

-Filter the blood to remove waste products, maintain electrolyte concentrations, and remove excess water to maintain the fluid volume within the body.

Front 2

pyel/o

Back 2

-Renal Pelvis

-Collects urine produced by the kidneys.

Front 3

ur/o, urin/o

Back 3

-Urine

-Liquid waste products to be excreted.

Front 4

ureter/o

Back 4

-Ureters

-Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Front 5

cyst/o

Back 5

-Urinary Bladder

-Stores urine until it is excreted.

Front 6

urethr/o

Back 6

Urethra

-Transports urine from the bladder through the urethral meatus, where it is excreted.

Front 7

prostat/o

Back 7

-Prostate

-A gland of the male reproductive system that surrounds the male urethra. Disorders of this gland can disrupt the flow of urine.

Front 8

-cele

Back 8

hernia, tumor, swelling

Front 9

dia-

Back 9

through, between, apart, complete

Front 10

-ectasis

Back 10

stretching, dilation, enlargement

Front 11

glomerul/o

Back 11

glomerulus

Front 12

lith/o

Back 12

stone, calculus

Front 13

-lysis

Back 13

breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening

Front 14

-pexy

Back 14

surgical fixation

Front 15

-tripsy

Back 15

to crush

Front 16

-uria

Back 16

urination, urine

Front 17

-ablation (ab-LAY-shun)

Back 17

The removal of a body part or the destruction of its function.

Front 18

anuria (ah-NEW-ree-ah)

Back 18

The absence of urine formation by the kidneys.

Front 19

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Back 19

An abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland

Front 20

chronic kidney disease

Back 20

The progressive loss of renal function over months or years.

Front 21

cystitis (sis-TYE-tis)

Back 21

Inflammation of the bladder.

Front 22

cystocele (SIS-toh-seel)

Back 22

A hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall; also called a prolapsed bladder.

Front 23

cystolith (SIS-toh-lith)

Back 23

A stone located in the urinary bladder.

Front 24

cystopexy (SIS-toh-peck-see)

Back 24

The surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall.

Front 25

cystoscopy (sis-TOS-koh-pee)

Back 25

The visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope.

Front 26

dialysis (dye-AL-ih-sis)

Back 26

A procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function.

Front 27

diuresis (dye-you-REE-sis)

Back 27

The increased output of urine.

Front 28

end-stage renal disease

Back 28

The final stage of chronic kidney disease that is fatal unless the functions of the failed kidneys are successfully replaced by dialysis or with a successful kidney transplant.

Front 29

enuresis (en-you-REE-sis)

Back 29

The involuntary discharge of urine.

Front 30

epispadias (ep-ih-SPAY-dee-as)

Back 30

A congenital abnormality affecting the opening of the urethral opening. In the male, the opening is located on the upper surface of the penis. In the female, the urethral opening is located in the region of the clitoris.

Front 31

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ecks-trah-kor-POUR-ee-al LITH-oh-trip-see)

Back 31

The use of high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel to break up kidney stones into fragments, which are then excreted in the urine.

Front 32

glomerulonephritis (gloh-mer-you-loh-neh-FRY-tis)

Back 32

A form of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine.

Front 33

hemodialysis (hee-moh-dye-AL-ih-sis)

Back 33

A procedure that filters waste products directly from the patient's blood to replace the function of damaged kidneys

Front 34

hydronephrosis (high-droh-neh-FROH-sis)

Back 34

The dilation of one or both kidneys that is the result of an obstruction of the flow of urine.

Front 35

hydroureter (high-droh-YOUR-eh-ter)

Back 35

Distention (swelling) of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked

Front 36

hyperproteinuria (high-per-proh-tee-in-YOU-ree-ah)

Back 36

The presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine.

Front 37

hypoproteinemia (high-poh-proh-tee-in-EE-mee-ah)

Back 37

The presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood.

Front 38

hypospadias (high-poh-SPAY-dee-as)

Back 38

A congenital abnormality in the placement of the urethral opening. In the male, the urethral opening is on the under surface of the penis. In the female, the urethral opening is into the vagina.

Front 39

incontinence (in-KON-tih-nents)

Back 39

The inability to control the excretion of urine and/or feces.

Front 40

interstitial cystitis (in-ter-STISH-al sis-TYE-tis)

Back 40

A chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder.

Front 41

intravenous pyelogram (in-trah-VEE-nus PYE-eh-loh-gram)

Back 41

A radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters using a contrast medium to diagnose changes in the urinary tract.

Front 42

nephrolith (NEF-roh-lith)

Back 42

A stone located in the kidney; also known as renal calculus or a kidney stone.

Front 43

nephrolithiasis (nef-roh-lih-THIGH-ah-sis)

Back 43

The presence of a stone or stones in the kidney.

Front 44

nephrolysis (neh-FROL-ih-sis)

Back 44

The freeing of a kidney from adhesions.

Front 45

nephrons (NEF-ronz)

Back 45

The microscopic functional units of each kidney where urine is produced through the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

Front 46

nephropathy (neh-FROP-ah-thee)

Back 46

Any kidney disease including degenerative and inflammatory conditions.

Front 47

nephroptosis (nef-rop-TOH-sis)

Back 47

The prolapse, or dropping down, of a kidney into the pelvic area when the patient stands; also known as a floating kidney.

Front 48

nephrostomy (neh-FROS-toh-me)

Back 48

The placement of a catheter to maintain an opening from the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body.(neh-FROS-toh-me)

Front 49

nephrotic syndrome (neh-FROT-ick)

Back 49

A groups of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in the urine, resulting in abnormally low levels of protein in the blood.

Front 50

neurogenic bladder (new-roh-JEN-ick

Back 50

A urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination.

Front 51

nocturia (nock-TOO-ree-ah)

Back 51

Frequent and excessive urination during the night

Front 52

nocturnal enuresis (nock-TER-nal en-you-REE-sis)

Back 52

Urinary incontinence during sleep.

Front 53

oliguria (ol-ih-GOO-ree-ah)

Back 53

Scanty urination.

Front 54

percutaneous nephrolithotomy (per-kyou-TAY-nee-us nef-roh-lih-THOT-oh-mee

Back 54

The surgical removal of a nephrolith through a small incision in the back

Front 55

peritoneal dialysis (pehr-ih-toh-NEE-al dye-AL-ih-sis)

Back 55

Dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood.

Front 56

polycystic kidney disease (pol-ee-SIS-tick)

Back 56

An inherited kidney disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys leading eventually to kidney failure.

Front 57

polyuria (pol-ee-YOU-ree-ah)

Back 57

Excessive urination.

Front 58

prostatism (PROS-tah-tizm

Back 58

A disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatichyperplasia.

Front 59

pyeloplasty (PYE-eh-loh-plas-tee)

Back 59

The surgical repair of the ureter and renal pelvis.

Front 60

pyelotomy (pye-eh-LOT-oh-mee)

Back 60

A surgical incision into the renal pelvis.

Front 61

suprapubic catheterization (soo-prah-PYOU-bick kath-eh-ter-eye-ZAY-shun)

Back 61

The placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made in the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone.

Front 62

uremia (you-REE-mee-ah)

Back 62

A toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which urea and other waste products are retained in the blood; also known as uremic poisoning.

Front 63

ureterectasis (you-reh-ter-ECK-tah-sis

Back 63

The distention of a ureter.

Front 64

ureterolith (you-REE-ter-oh-lith)

Back 64

A stone located anywhere along the ureter.

Front 65

ureterorrhagia (you-ree-ter-oh-RAY-jee-ah)

Back 65

The discharge of blood from a ureter.

Front 66

ureterorrhaphy (you-reet-eh-ROAR-ah-fee)

Back 66

The surgical suturing of a ureter

Front 67

urethritis (you-reh-THRIGH-tis)

Back 67

Inflammation of the urethra.

Front 68

urethropexy (you-REE-throh-peck-see)

Back 68

The surgical fixation of the urethra to nearby tissue, usually for the correction of urinary stress incontinence.

Front 69

urethrorrhagia (you-ree-throh-RAY-jee-ah)

Back 69

Bleeding from the urethra.

Front 70

urethrostenosis (you-ree-throh-steh-NOH-sis)

Back 70

Narrowing of the urethra.

Front 71

urethrotomy (you-reh-THROT-oh-mee)

Back 71

A surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture.

Front 72

urinary catheterization (kath-eh-ter-eye-ZAY-shun)

Back 72

The insertion of a tube into the bladder in order to procure a sterile specimen for diagnostic purposes, to drain urine from the bladder when the patient is unable to urinate, or to place medication into the bladder.

Front 73

vesicovaginal fistula (ves-ih-koh-VAJ-ih-nahl FIS-tyou-lah)

Back 73

An abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina.

Front 74

voiding cystourethrography (sis-toh-you-ree-THROG-rah-fee)

Back 74

A diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra.

Front 75

Wilms tumor

Back 75

A rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children.

Front 76

Urea (you-REE-ah)

Back 76

is the major waste product of protein metabolism

Front 77

Creatinine

Back 77

waste product of muscle metabolism.

Front 78

genitourinary tract

Back 78

The urinary tract is located in close proximity to the reproductive organs, so these two body systems are sometime referred to together

Front 79

kidney

Back 79

constantly filter the blood to remove waste products and excess water.

These are excreted as urine, which is 95% water and 5% urea and other body wastes.

Front 80

renal cortex (REE-nal KOR-tecks)

Back 80

the outer region of the kidney

Front 81

cortex

Back 81

means the outer portion of an organ.

Front 82

Reabsorption

Back 82

is the return to the blood of some of the substances that were removed during filtration

Front 83

glomerulus (gloh-MER-you-lus)

Back 83

which is a cluster of capillaries (plural, glomeruli)

Front 84

ARF

Back 84

-acute renal failure

-sudden onset of kidney failure that may be caused by the kidneys not receiving enough blood to filter.

Front 85

BPH

Back 85

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Front 86

cath

Back 86

catheterization

Front 87

cysto

Back 87

cystoscopy

Front 88

CKD

Back 88

chronic kidney disease

Front 89

DRE

Back 89

-digital rectal examination

-a radiograph of the urinary system taken after a contrast medium has been placed in the urethra and caused to flow upward through the urinary tract.

Front 90

ESRD

Back 90

end-stage renal disease

Front 91

IVP

Back 91

intravenous pyelogram

Front 92

PKD

Back 92

polycystic kidney disease

Front 93

TURP

Back 93

transurethral resection of the prostate

Front 94

UTI

Back 94

-urinary tract infection

an infection involving the structures of the urinary system that usually begins in the bladder.

Front 95

functions of urinary system

Back 95

-Maintaining the proper balance of water, salts, and acids in the body by filtering the blood as it flows through the kidneys.

-Maintaining the proper balance of water, salts, and acids in the body by filtering the blood as it flows through the kidneys.

-Converting these waste products and excess fluids into urine in the kidneys and excrete them from the body via the urinary bladder.

Front 96

Parts of urinary system

Back 96

consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, and a urethra

Front 97

ureters (you-REE-ters)

Back 97

transport urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Front 98

urinary bladder

Back 98

oval, hollow muscular organ that is a reservoir for urine before it is excreted from the body

Front 99

meatus

Back 99

external opening of a canal

Front 100

female urethra

Back 100

approximately 1.5 inches long, and the urethral meatus is located between the clitoris and the opening of the vagina. In the female, the urethra conveys only urine.

Front 101

male urethra

Back 101

approximately 8 inches long, and the urethral meatus is located at the tip of the penis. This urethra transports both urine and semen.

Front 102

Urination

Back 102

also known as voiding or micturition, is the normal process of excreting urine.

Front 103

nephrologist (neh-FROL-oh-jist)

Back 103

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys (nephr means kidney, and -ologist means specialist)

Front 104

urologist (you-ROL-oh-jist)

Back 104

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males (ur means urine, and -ologist means specialist)

Front 105

-osis

Back 105

abnormal condition or disease

Front 106

-ptosis

Back 106

means droop or sag

Front 107

Renal colic (REE-nal KOLL-ick)

Back 107

acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a nephrolith (kidney stone).

Front 108

Colic

Back 108

means spasms of pain in the abdomen

Front 109

calculus

Back 109

-stone

-an abnormal mineral deposit that has formed within the body and is named for the organ or tissue where it is located

Front 110

-rrhagia

Back 110

bleeding

Front 111

-algia

Back 111

pain

Front 112

Interstitial

Back 112

means relating to spaces within a tissue or organ.

Front 113

fistula

Back 113

is an abnormal passage between two internal organs

Front 114

-ism

Back 114

means condition of

Front 115

Dysuria (dis-YOU-ree-ah)

Back 115

difficult, or painful urination

Front 116

OAB

Back 116

Overactive bladder

also known as urge incontinence, occurs when the muscles of the bladder contract involuntarily even though the bladder is not actually full enough to indicate the need to urinate.